The innovative urbanization of Mohenjo-Daro is the most vivid illustration of how early civilizations were born, which is especially valuable for understanding the origins of various historical cultures. The urban centre of the Bronze Age, which flourished around 2600 BCE and existed till 1900 BCE, was situated near the borders of Pakistan (Ramesh, 2023). This paper unveils Mohanjo Daro’s urbanization development, including its settlement plan, infrastructure, and social part, and highlights its inhabitants’ important achievements.
The urban planning at this place was positive, with detailed planning and looking forward to process improvement. The city was designed using the geometry of a grid system that introduced square and rectangular blocks at the intersection of streets at a right angle. The roads were carefully constructed, and brick houses on the sides showed evidence of civic planning and engineering skills (Kumar et al., 2020). Moving on, the town of Mohenjo-Daro can also be mentioned as an example, as it features a sewerage network that is 2,000 years ahead of its time. This illustrates that the community was prosperous due to the availability of information on sanitation and health care.
The city of Mohenjo-Daro’s infrastructure shows that the city then had reached a level of development that far exceeded the surrounding settlement level. The city’s prominent feature was its imposing format, consisting of granaries, public baths, and gigantic halls, which were not rivalled by any other building. Interestingly enough, the Great Bath is simply a remarkable structure by the standards of that particular time, and it embodies solidarity and ceremonial functions alongside communal ones (Khan et al., 2014). Indeed, these huge constructions draw attention to the significance of town public places in Mohenjo-Daro town, culturally and socially. Furthermore, how city features, like bricks and cement, were used shows the city people’s high style and good skills in pottery and architecture.
The urbanization process in Mohenjo-Daro is not just fantastic engineering work; it also includes a multipurpose social system. The society could have been stratified or had people from different social classes, some with specific vocations (Bhattacharya, 2006). Separating the town into two distinct areas—one for private homes and the other for commercial activities—serves the purpose of a clear division of labour, which helps the citizens fill their roles by doing their share of work to succeed in their economic endeavours. On the other hand, the presence of a citadel or acropolis to direct the government and management of the administration could indicate centralized authority or a more dominant leadership.
The rise of the urban city of Mohenjo-Daro, especially to that level, was largely due to economic relations and trade development. The town was the crucial regional trade market point that stipulated goods, products, and merchandise flow over long distances. The seals and artefacts from the excavations of the area reveal dates ranging from Mesopotamia to Central Asia (Khan et al., 2014). Hence, the city expanded not simply economically but also became a city that spearheaded cultural variety and cosmopolitan character.
In conclusion Mohenjo-Daro became a landmark on the ladder that led human evolution to the nascent epoch of urban civilization. The city civilized planning, a snazzy infrastructure built from scratch, and an interconnected social structure, which made them a super-urban society that gave rouse to the culture of civilization in the old world. Consequently, Mohenjo-Daro’s shaping into an urbanized society enables us to get detailed information on the life events that led to urbanization. The points mentioned here are that we advance in better comprehending the present process and how it may affect other historical situations.
References
Bhattacharya, B. (2006). Urban development in India: since pre-historic times. Concept Publishing Company.
Kumar, S., Ali, M., & Khoso, P. A. (2020). The Emergence and Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan. Global Sociological Review, pp. 2, 9–22.
Khan, S., Angelakis, A., & Rose, J. (2014). Sanitation and wastewater technologies in the Harappa/Indus Valley civilization (ca. 2600–1900 BC). Evolution of sanitation and wastewater technologies through the centuries, 25, 1–16.
Ramesh, S. (2023). The Indus Valley Civilization: 3000 BC to 1600 BC. In The Political Economy of India’s Economic Development: 5000BC to 2022AD, Volume I: Before the Indus Civilisation to Alexander the Great (pp. 37–75). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
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