Abstract
Hypertension occurs in the presence of specific but multiple conditions. It is a multifactorial condition that is characterized by abnormal blood medical conditions. The diseases affect more than 30% of adults living in the United States. The medical profession has deemed the disease dangerous as many people in prehypertension stages are not aware of the risk they are in and therefore cannot adjust their lifestyle. One of the most prominent ways it manifests is when the nervous system increases its sympathetic nervous system activity. For hypertension, there is no distinct discernable symptom that can automatically tell the signs of the disease accept the elevated blood pressure, which has to be measured precisely to determine the condition. Diagnosis of the diseases requires intensive medical tests. The patient must agree to healthy lifestyle choices to prevent deterioration of the situation. Healthy practices include regular exercise and making sure that the patient has strict diet plans.
Introduction
Hypertension is a multifactorial condition that is characterized by abnormal blood medical conditions. Being a multifactorial condition, the most prevalent causes of the disease are the individual’s life choices that directly affect their health, like diet and exercise. Hypertension is classified into different categories according to their specific measure of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (Frost et al., 2019).
The diseases affect more than 30% of adults living in the United States. The medical profession has deemed the disorders dangerous as many people in prehypertension stages are not aware of their risk and, therefore, cannot adjust their lifestyle (Frost et al., 2019). Due to the high cost of medication in the country, many people cannot seek immediate medical help, which would assist in timely diagnosis, which would lead to better management and a higher probability of recovery.
Hypertension may occur in different ways. One of the most common causes is excess sodium intake. When there is an excessive sodium intake, there is sodium retention in the renal regions of the blood vessels. When the blood vessel is burdened with the deposits of sodium, they become increasingly deficient due to the increase in preload and the consequent contractility (Manosroi & Williams, 2019). Due to lack of proper dieting, people who are obese are highly predisposed to primary hypertension or even the more advanced state of the condition, namely the hypertension emergency. Due to obesity, hyperinsulinemia occurs, leading to the blood vessels’ structural hypertrophy development. The individual’s blood vessels are then more resistive due to the increased inhibition by the peripheral vascular resistance leading to a development meant of a hypertension condition. The least factor causing hypertension which is responsible for the least cause of hypertension is the genetic alteration as cell membrane interference causes functional constriction.
Causes of the diseases and dysfunction manifestation
Hypertension occurs in the presence of specific but multiple conditions. One of the most prominent ways it manifests is when the nervous system increases its sympathetic nervous system activity. The consequent increase in activity in the nervous system leads to dysfunction in the autonomous nervous system. The kidneys’ ability to handle sodium water and chlorine is affected as the deposits corrupt the pathways. Consequently, there is an increase in sodium due to the rise in the amount of renal absorption. The extracellular fluid expands casing volume increase and therefore extrapolating systemic vascular resistance is caused by the increase in the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) (Manosroi & Williams, 2019). Arterioles are destroyed due to decreased vasodilation. The destruction of the endothelium causes extreme damage.
Symptoms and complication
For hypertension, there is no distinct discernable symptom that can automatically tell the signs of the disease except the elevated blood pressure, which has to be measured precisely to determine the condition. However, the person suffering from hypertension suffers severe headaches brought about by the oxygen deprivation as the blood is highly constricted in its movement, which makes the transfer of oxygen hard. The deprivation of oxygen causes severe headaches to the person suffering why has the condition. On more occasions, the person may also exhibit dizziness due to oxygen insufficiency (Manosroi & Williams, 2019). There are also cases where the person suffers from chest pains. Too much h contraction in the blood vessels in the eyes may lead to poor supply of the optical cell with enough oxygen, leading to the patient experiencing blurred vision.
The patients who did not get quick medical help or find themselves in more severe stages of the disease have more adverse conditions. For all patients who have hypertension, the greatest threat to their health has heart failure. When vessels are not efficient in letting blood through to other body parts for oxygen transfers, the heart has to work harder to make sure that blood is pumped to all body parts. The overextension of the heart leads to eventual collapse as it reaches its limits in the highly unnatural cycles (Manosroi & Williams, 2019). Myocardial infarction is a condition that occurs in people with hypertension due to continued deprivation of oxygen to the cells to perform their required activities. The supply of nutrients become more constrained, and the system struggles to make sure that the required nutrient reach their destination, causing renal failure. Hypertension in pregnant women exposes them to different complications and needs to be carefully handled as it brings
How to diagnose a patient
The medical service provider needs to make sure that they have thoroughly scrutinized the patient’s medical history. Physical assessment of the patient is essential and indicative in every attempt to diagnose a patient. The most predisposed organs that are most likely to be affected by hypertension are then carefully examined to determine the extent of the damage, if any (Zhou et al., 2019). After the practice, the medical service provider then determines the best diagnostic measure to take according to the equipment available, the level of expertise, and the result that they have gotten from their initial assessment.
The 12 lead ECG is done on a patient to determine how the patient’s cardiovascular structure has been damaged. The BUN level is taken to assess whether the patient has renal damage by performing the creatine clearance test. The heart’s left ventricle is affected in patients with hypertension due to pumping blood. The echocardiogram test is done when testing the extent of the damage (Zhou et al., 2019). If the doctor is concerned about pheochromocytoma, they can scan using the computer tomography machine. The appropriate diagnosis is given to a patient, including the category and stage of hypertension. Then a treatment plan is developed according to the severity and stage in which the patient is in.
Treatment
When dealing with a patient, the main objective is to prevent the patient from experiencing adverse complications or dying due to the condition. The other objective is to ensure that the patient develops healthily by attaining the correct blood pressure levels. The patient is put under specific medication to better their conditions. Special measures prevent efferent aldosterone binding; the patient is put under ARBs. Angiotensin 1 conversion into angiotensin 2 leads to increased peripheral resistance (Ren et al., 2018). The Angiotensin conversion is prevented using ACE inhibitors which are regularly administered to the patient, which reduces peripheral resistance. Thiazide diuretics reduce the amount of blood taken through vessels, leading to the decreased workload on the left ventricle and, therefore, reduce the amount of damage it is exposed to.
The main task of the medical officer is to make sure that the patient understands the diagnosis by carefully outlining it in easy terms. The patient is cohesively told of the diagnosis’s risk to their health. Getting the total cooperation of the patient makes it easy to incorporate them into the treatment program as they are willing and informed participants. Deficient knowledge by the patient leads to partial all total lack of compliance, which puts their lives at risk. It also allows the patient to outline their lifestyle and explain how to incorporate lifestyle changes into the treatment (Ren et al., 2018). The patient’s cooperation allows follow-up measures after discharge. The doctor must make sure that the patient has shown improvement by the course and end of the treatment.
The doctor has to make sure that they correctly equip the patient with proper methods to maintain a healthy lifestyle. In treatment, the patient must be advised and directed towards a dietitian. A person who has in-depth knowledge in nutrition advises the patient on the type of diets program that would lead to the east disturbances to the treatment program and would yield maximum benefit to the patient’s health (Mills et al., 2020). The doctor has to make sure that they adopt goals that the patient has to achieve to provide a precise motivation in the short term and the long term. Some of the goals include setting required blood pressure levels. The doctor needs to determine the fact.
The patient must agree to healthy lifestyle choices to prevent deterioration of the situation. Healthy practices include regular exercise and making sure that the patient has strict diet plans. The patient has to have controlled the use of alcohol and other harmful substances that affect their health. The patient has to have a good support system. A good support system includes supportive family members willing to participate in the treatment by policing the patient’s adherence to the treatment regimen. Family members also have the treatment calendar, which reminds the patient to attend without fail (Mills et al., 2020). The family members are provided with the patient’s written. Some of the family members, like parents, are responsible for financial responsibility and therefore have to know the required lifestyle change to make the correct financial adjustments. The patient has to avoid stress and excessive salts in their diets.
Prevention measures
The government needs to educate the population about the prevalence of the diseases and how to avoid getting extreme health complications due to hypertension by leading a healthy lifestyle. The medical sector needs device means that are self-administered that can be used to measure blood pressure and encourage the public to use them. The government has to pass quality in manufacture foods to prevent the high levels of obesity in tie population. Measures are taken to assist highly vulnerable groups like the women in black communities who have the highest rate of hypertension (Manosroi & Williams, 2019). The treatment procedure should be evidence-based to allow quick recovery of the patient and use of fewer resources which may interfere with the economic wellness of the patient.
By preventing the diseases, medical resources are available to use to control other adverse diseases that are highly communicable. The prevention of diseases leads to a healthy population that is productive and contributes to the economy. The people are also able to have better social-economic status as they do not spend money seeking medical services. They do not take many days off to seek medical help and therefore do not risk their sources of income.
Conclusion
Hypertension is a disease caused by an individual’s lifestyle choices, including diet and exercise plans. The community has to make sure that they eat healthy food and exercise regularly to prevent diseases. The community needs to address issues that lead to poor lifestyle choices like poor parenting. Access to timely information requires that the people have good medical services to allow timely diagnosis. Cooperation between the doctor and the patient leads to a successful treatment. Families constitute a good support system that ensures that the patient has the resources required to make a full recovery.
References
Frost, A., Badesch, D., Gibbs, J. S. R., Gopalan, D., Khanna, D., Manes, A., … & Torbicki, A. (2019). Diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. European Respiratory Journal, 53(1).
Manosroi, W., & Williams, G. H. (2019). Genetics of primary human hypertension: focus on hormonal mechanisms. Endocrine Reviews, 40(3), 825-856.
Mills, K. T., Stefanescu, A., & He, J. (2020). The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 16(4), 223-237.
Ren, Y., Jiao, X., & Zhang, L. (2018). The expression level of fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) in the peripheral blood of primary hypertension and its clinical significance. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 25(3), 469-473.
Zhou, J. J., Ma, H. J., Shao, J. Y., Pan, H. L., & Li, D. P. (2019). Impaired hypothalamic regulation of sympathetic outflow in primary hypertension. Neuroscience Bulletin, 35(1), 124-132.
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