Issue
This analysis focuses on internet gaming disorder (IGD) which is a behavioral or process addiction linked to compulsive and excessive gaming behavior online. Internet gaming disorder has become a significant contemporary issue due to the widespread accessibility and availability of online gaming platforms. IGD is characterized by the inability to control gaming habits or behaviors, neglecting other important life activities, and constant gaming irrespective of negative consequences (Chen et al., 2018). In the last decade, IGD has garnered attention due to the increasing popularity of online gaming and the increasingly competitive gaming platforms. Most online games have addictive elements, like social interactions, progressive systems, and rewards, contributing to the development of compulsive gaming behaviors. According to Torres-Rodríguez et al. (2018), the availability and accessibility of online games on different devices, such as computers, tablets, and smartphones, has further escalated this problem, making it easier for individuals to engage in gaming activities anytime and anywhere.
Furthermore, IGD has become a serious problem due to its prevalence among individuals, especially young adults, adolescents, and children. The advent of high-speed internet has facilitated uninterrupted and continuous access to online gaming, resulting in compulsive gaming habits (Torres-Rodríguez et al., 2018). Many such games integrate virtual microtransactions and economies, enabling players to purchase in-game rewards and items using real money. Hence, the feature has augmented the addictive nature of gaming since those gamers may feel the need to spend more money to progress in the game or gain a competitive edge. With social interactions and the presence of online gaming communities, individuals addicted to online gaming have suffered social isolation in real life since they prioritize virtual relationships over face-to-face interactions (Turhan Gürbüz et al., 2021). For some individuals, online gaming is an opportunity to escape real-life problems and stressors. Hence, they may develop a dependence on gaming as a coping mechanism, which can potentially intensify the addictive nature of the behavior. In addition, IGD is often linked to mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, and social anxiety disorder. Hence online gaming is used as a form of self-medication, resulting in a cycle of dependency and avoidance of underlying emotional issues.
Overall, IGD can result in neglect of occupational and academic responsibilities, leading to poor performance, decreased productivity, and possible financial consequences. Thus, as IGD continues to be a growing contemporary problem, it is vital for individuals, families, educators, as well as mental health professionals to acknowledge the signs of addiction and take suitable measures to address this issue (Gallegos et al., 2021). As a result, addressing this problem requires a multi-faceted approach that entails the collaborative efforts of individuals, the gaming industry, and communities to promote balanced technology use and develop a healthier gaming environment.
Behavioral, or Process, Addictions and Social Norms for Their Applicability to IGD
Behavioral addictions also referred to as process addictions, are characterized by compulsive behaviors associated with particular processes or activities. Unlike substance addictions, process addictions entail engaging in rewarding behaviors that stimulate the pleasure centers of the brain. Apart from IGD, other common process addictions include social media addiction, exercise addiction, shopping addiction, and gambling addiction. IGD fits well within the realm of behavioral addiction since it entails rewarding and compulsive gaming behaviors (O’Loughlin et al., 2022). Individuals affected by internet gaming disorder often exhibit symptoms similar to those observed in other behavioral addictions, like neglecting responsibilities, unsuccessful attempts to stop or reduce gaming, and withdrawal symptoms when unable to engage in gaming.
Various behavioral addictions in the field of addictions include gambling addiction which entails the compulsive urge to gamble, resulting in disruptions in one’s life, strained relationships, and financial losses (Shafir, 2020). Shopping addiction is related to the uncontrollable and persistent urge to make purchases and shop, even when it contributes to emotional distress or financial issues. Social media addiction entails compulsive use of social media platforms, resulting in excessive time spent online and possible negative consequences on mental health and well-being (Pugle, 2022). Food addiction entails compulsive overeating or consuming large quantities of food, resulting in feelings of shame, guilt, and potential health problems. Further, exercise addiction is related to an unhealthy and excessive obsession with physical exercise, leading to negative impacts on social relationships and physical health (Shafir, 2020). While these behavioral addictions may have unique characteristics and consequences, internet gaming disorder shares common features with most behavioral addictions, such as the compulsive need to engage in the activity regardless of adverse consequences, negative impacts on different aspects of life, and lack of control over the behavior.
Social norms play an integral role in shaping our attitudes and behaviors toward particular activities. They are unwritten rules and expectations within society that influence what is considered acceptable or unacceptable behavior (Rodríguez-Ruiz et al., 2023). Social norms can affect the development and prevalence of behavioral addictions in various ways. For instance, cultural attitudes towards excessive use of technology and gaming, peer pressure, and parental influences can all influence the acceptance and perception of gaming habits. Therefore, social norms can significantly influence the prevalence and acceptance of IGD. In some cultures, excessive gaming may be viewed as a form of entertainment or a socially acceptable hobby, while other conservative or traditional cultures may see it as a waste of time or socially unacceptable behavior. Family dynamics, societal acceptance or stigma, and peer group dynamics can influence a person’s gaming habits, either encouraging or discouraging excessive gaming habits.
For instance, family dynamics such as parental attitudes and modeling influence a child’s perception of specific activities or substance use. Normally, children learn from their parent’s modeling of behaviors and values. Parental attitudes towards technology use and gaming can shape a child’s gaming behaviors. If parents perceive gaming as a harmless hobby or exhibit excessive gaming behaviors, children may adopt similar behaviors without taking into account the potential risks of addiction (Kim & Chun, J2022). Stigma is related to negative perceptions or societal judgment attached to particular conditions or behaviors. Social norms can determine whether a particular behavior is socially accepted or stigmatized. Stigmatization can impact a person’s willingness to seek support or help for their addiction. The level of stigma or social acceptance attached to IGD varies across communities and societies. Some societies can view excessive gaming as a mental health concern, and individuals may receive support and empathy. However, in some communities, it can be ridiculed or dismissed, making it hard for affected individuals to openly discuss their struggles and seek help. Moreover, peers and social circles can influence an individual’s choices and behaviors. If an individual’s peer group engages in substance use, they may feel pressured to conform to such behaviors (Kim & Chun, J2022). Similarly, if a person’s gaming buddies or friends spend excessive time gaming, it can normalize such habits and potentially result in the development of IGD.
Impact
Traditional addiction models are often associated with substance use disorders like drug addiction and alcoholism. With regard to internet gaming disorder, similar neurological processes are seen. When individuals play online games, the brain release dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and reward. Repeated exposure to gaming and anticipation of rewards can result in neural adaptions similar to those observed in drug addictions, leading to the addictive nature of gaming behavior (Wei et al., 2017). Reward systems and reinforcement theory focus on the role of reinforcement in maintaining addictive habits. The constant rewards and achievement within internet games can reinforce gaming behavior, encouraging individuals to continue playing in order to experience those positive outcomes (Raiha et al., 2020). The unpredictable and intermittent reinforcement in many games can make such behaviors more addictive. Cognitive-behavioral models focus on how behaviors, emotions, and thoughts interact to perpetuate addictive behaviors. Individuals with IGD may develop distorted thoughts about gaming, including using such games as a coping mechanism to boost self-esteem or escape real-life problems. Thus, these cognitive distortions can drive the addictive cycle further.
In summary, IGD can result in social isolation and relationship strain as individuals neglect personal relationships and spend excessive time gaming, hence straining family dynamics and friendships. Long hours of constant gaming can also result in physical health problems like poor posture, repetitive strain injuries, eye strain, and sleep disturbances. Such a sedentary lifestyle related to gaming can contribute to obesity and other health problems. In addition, IGD can result in emotional distress, including higher levels of stress, irritability, stress, and feelings of shame and guilt associated with neglecting responsibilities or inability to control gaming habits. Neglect of academic and professional responsibilities can further lead to poor performance, decreased productivity, and potential professional and academic setbacks. In summary, the impact of IGD can be far-reaching and affects many aspects of an individual’s life. Hence, early recognition and intervention are vital for addressing the negative consequences of IGD and fostering healthier gaming habits.
Analyzing Approaches
The neuroscience of addiction suggests that peer influences and social interactions play an integral role in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. In the previous milestone, I discussed the contemporary addiction issue of internet gaming disorder. In the case of IGD, the reward system of the brain, especially the release of dopamine, is activated during gaming activities. Further, social interactions within gaming communities can enhance the rewarding nature of internet games, therefore reinforcing compulsive gaming behaviors. Peer-based approaches to IGD entail involving individuals with lived experiences of gaming addiction in the treatment and support process. Such approaches often include peer mentoring programs, group therapy sessions, and support groups (Torres-Rodríguez et al., 2018). Peers who have successfully overcome internet gaming addiction and are in the recovery process can offer practical advice, understanding, and empathy, thus making individuals feel less isolated and more motivated to change their gaming habits.
Support groups for internet gaming addiction bring together individuals facing similar challenges associated with excessive gaming. Such groups provide a non-judgmental and safe space where members can share their emotions, experiences, and coping strategies (Wendt et al., 2021). Usually, support groups are facilitated by a trained professional who guides discussions and ensures that the group remains focused and constructive. This model is beneficial for individuals with IGD since its participants can relate to each other’s feelings and struggles, minimizing the feelings of shame and isolation. As a result, support groups offer validation and empathy. Support groups also create a sense of belonging and camaraderie among members with a mutual goal of managing their gaming habits (Wendt et al., 2021). Therefore, members can offer encouragement, practical advice, and insights based on their own experiences with internet gaming addiction. Furthermore, regular meetings and sharing experiences with group members promote accountability in making positive changes.
Group therapy entails a structured therapeutic setting where a trained therapist guides activities and discussions aimed at addressing gaming-related issues. Group therapy sessions emphasize exploring the underlying factors contributing to internet gaming addiction, developing coping skills, and fostering healthier behaviors and thought patterns (Chen et al., 2023). This model provides an opportunity for skill-building in various areas like stress management, communication, and time management. Moreover, peer mentoring programs entail pairing individuals struggling with internet gaming addiction with peers who have successfully overcome or managed their addiction. Peer mentors act as role models and provide guidance, encouragement, and ongoing support. Thus, such mentors can share coping techniques and strategies they utilize in maintaining healthier gaming habits and life balance.
Peer-based approaches are highly applicable in IGD as there is a strong social aspect of online gaming communities. Peers who understand the challenges and allure of gaming can offer valuable support and validation. The sense of connection and community provided by the treatment models can be powerful in building motivation for change. In addition, mentors and peer support can provide practical strategies for adopting healthier gaming behavior.
Harm-reduction strategies recognize that addiction, such as internet gaming, activates the brain’s reward system, making abrupt cessation challenging and potentially resulting in withdrawal symptoms. The neuroscience of addiction supports the idea that gradual changes and harm-reduction strategies can be highly effective for some individuals than immediate abstinence. Harm-reduction models focus on minimizing the adverse effects related to addictive behaviors without requiring complete abstinence. With regard to internet gaming addiction, harm-reduction strategies can entail setting realistic goals to minimize excessive gaming hours, implementing techniques to manage gaming habits responsibly, and determining triggers for gaming behavior (Velasco et al., 2021). Harm-reduction strategies apply to internet gaming addiction, especially for individuals who may not be able or ready to quit gaming entirely. By emphasizing minimizing the negative consequences of excessive gaming rather than requiring immediate abstinence, harm-reduction approaches may be less overwhelming and more feasible. Strategies such as setting time limits for gaming, finding alternative activities, and creating game-free periods or zones can be part of harm-reduction interventions for internet gaming addiction (Velasco et al., 2021). In addition, harm-reduction models can be beneficial for individuals with chronic gaming addiction who may face challenges in abruptly stopping gaming due to possible withdrawal-like symptoms.
Utility of Traditional and Current Treatment Approaches to Diverse Populations
Traditional treatment approaches like individual counseling can be beneficial to diverse populations since they facilitate personalized and culturally sensitive treatment plans. Counseling professionals like therapists can tailor the treatment approach based on the unique beliefs, values, and needs of each individual (Chen et al., 2023). The individualized approach is vital when working with diverse populations since cultural factors may influence attitudes towards gaming and the acceptability of seeking help for internet gaming addiction. In the context of IGD, individual counseling provides a confidential and safe space for individuals to explore the underlying causes of excessive gaming. Culturally sensitive counseling professionals can integrate the individual’s cultural background into the therapeutic process, addressing any barriers to disclosure of game-related issues or treatment adherence.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based and widely used therapeutic method focusing on identifying and modifying maladaptive behaviors and thoughts (Han et al., 2020). CBT is adaptable to various populations and can be tailored to address cultural beliefs. CBT can be applied to diverse populations with internet gaming addiction by helping individuals challenge cognitive distortions associated with gaming and adopt healthier coping approaches. Counseling professionals can incorporate culturally appropriate metaphors and examples into the therapeutic process, making the intervention more effective and relatable to diverse clients. Moreover, family therapy entails including family members in the treatment process in order to address family relationships and dynamics that may contribute to or be affected by internet gaming addiction. Family therapy recognizes the significance of familial support in the recovery process (Chen et al., 2023). This treatment approach is applicable to diverse populations where family roles and dynamics might differ from the mainstream culture. Counseling professionals can adapt family therapy approaches to accommodate diverse family structures and communication styles, acknowledging the importance of family involvement and support in IGD treatment.
Current treatment models, such as culturally competent therapy, entail counseling professionals being sensitive and knowledgeable about the cultural backgrounds of their clients. This approach aims to understand the way cultural factors may influence the experience and expression of internet gaming addiction (Zajac et al., 2020). It is highly applicable to diverse populations dealing with internet gaming addiction since it ensures counseling professionals take into account attitudes towards technology, influences on gaming habits, and help-seeking behaviors. Tailoring interventions to align with cultural values and norms can improve treatment effectiveness and engagement.
Current treatment methods often use digital and telehealth interventions, enabling individuals to access treatment and support remotely. Such interventions can be beneficial to diverse populations, particularly those in underserved and remote areas. Digital and telehealth interventions provide flexibility in accessing support and treatment. This treatment model can be helpful for individuals from culturally sensitive cultures facing barriers to in-person treatment, including transportation issues and language barriers (Dieris-Hirche et al., 2021). Furthermore, online support forums and communities centered around internet gaming addiction can be valuable resources for diverse populations. They provide a platform for individuals to connect with others facing gaming addiction and offer mutual support. Online support forums and communities can cater to individuals from diverse cultures who may feel more comfortable seeking advice and support from online spaces. Hence, such online spaces can promote a sense of belonging and offer cultural understanding and empathy among members.
Recommendations
CBT has shown effectiveness in treating different behavioral addictions, including IGD. It helps individuals identify and modify maladaptive behaviors and thoughts related to gaming and develop healthier coping techniques. CBT can be adapted to address the unique challenges of internet gaming addiction and foster long-term behavior change. Current research supports the effectiveness of CBT in minimizing symptoms of gaming addiction, enhancing self-control, and improving overall well-being in individuals with internet gaming addiction. According to Han et al. (2020), CBT can result in a significant reduction in gaming time, improvements in psychological outcomes, and decreased game-related problems. According to Torres-Rodríguez et al. (2018), CBT is the most utilized treatment for online addictions based on peer-reviewed literature and has shown positive outcomes in minimizing gaming addiction symptoms, enhancing self-control, and improving the overall well-being of individuals.
Developing and promoting online support communities centered around gaming addiction can provide additional resources and peer support for individuals with internet gaming addiction. Such communities can provide a non-judgmental and safe space for sharing experiences and strategies for managing gaming behaviors. According to Zajac et al. (2020), online support can be valuable in minimizing feelings of isolation and promoting a sense of community among individuals struggling with addictive behaviors.
Moreover, individual counseling and family-based interventions can be valuable, especially for adolescents and young adults dealing with internet gaming addiction. Family-based interventions address family dynamics and communication patterns that may contribute to excessive gaming or hinder recovery. According to Chen et al. (2023), family-based interventions can result in improved family functioning and reduced gaming time. By enhancing family understanding and support of IGD, such interventions can lead to better treatment outcomes for individuals with gaming addiction. In addition, individual counseling allows for personalized treatment plans tailored to the specific needs and challenges of the individual. Therapists help individuals delve into potential underlying social, psychological, and emotional factors driving excessive gaming. According to Zajac et al. (2020), identifying such factors is vital for sustainable recovery. Besides, addressing such unique factors can lead to the development of an effective intervention.
Conclusion
Internet gaming disorder has emerged as a significant contemporary issue due to the widespread availability and accessibility of online gaming platforms. This behavioral addiction is characterized by compulsive and excessive engagement in online gaming, resulting in neglect of important life activities and negative consequences. The prevalence of internet gaming addiction, particularly among children, adolescents, and young adults, has raised concerns about its impacts on physical health, social relationships, and mental well-being. As the addictive nature of internet gaming is associated with the brain’s reward system, traditional and current treatment approaches have been developed to address this issue. As internet gaming continues to grow in popularity, individuals, families, educators, and mental health professionals need to recognize the signs of IGD and take appropriate measures to address this issue. By integrating peer-based approaches, harm-reduction strategies, and multi-faceted treatment approaches, society can foster healthier gaming habits and develop a more balanced gaming environment. Further, addressing IGD requires a collaborative effort from individuals, the gaming industry, and communities to promote responsible use of the internet and support those affected by excessive gaming. By doing so, society can work towards mitigating the negative impacts of IGD and promoting the well-being of individuals and communities.
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