The literature review goes into a deep look at the complex problems and benefits of farming in 2023. This takes place globally as it keeps changing. Significant changes in the industry, such as global and not-global, new technology, weather problems, country movements and changing social economy are closely examined. Kim et al. (2020) pointed out the balance between globalization and de-globalization, showing growth chances and problems like trade wars and increased nationalism in a complex dance of pros and cons. Shahadat and team (2023) say technology can change how we do things. It could help make work more efficient, better for the environment too! However, problems with accepting technology and the danger of making existing differences even worse highlight that we need strategies to include everyone.
Kubatko et al. (2023) and Leal Filho et al. (2021) say that environmental problems are very harmful, so we need to change how we do things for a healthier future in nature while being careful about our actions toward it. Fu et al. (2023) show that significant changes in world politics and trade problems weaken the industry against global fights. This means we need a solid strategy to help us bounce back quickly from these challenging times. Public money changes and popular tastes, studied by Euromonitor International in 2023, show how future food needs will change based on growing populations and the changing customers’ likes. The industry has to answer problems like trade blocks, unequal use of tech, and the effects of climate change. At the same time, it can take advantage of chances like finding new markets, getting new ideas, following sustainable ways and ethical sourcing.
This literature review gives a basic idea about the complex world where farming businesses will work in 2023. It points out the need to mix tech fixes, green actions and thoughtful answers for changes around the world. This builds a strong global food system that’s fair for everyone. Realizing the limits of scope is a reminder to do more research. This should help understand differences for each region and test how well different ways can work in those areas.
Navigating the Complex Agricultural Terrain in Global Forces in 2023
In 2023, the farming side is at a point where it is affected by lots of big world things. These can create chances and issues that are hard to sort out. Looking at these forces shows the close connection between making the the world bigger and smaller again and getting technology to improve many jobs. It is about war changes in parts of different nations, along with how people’s wealth gets mixed up globally.
Globalization and De-globalization
The difference between globalization and not being part of the world, explained by Kim et al. (2020), shows what happens around us. Usually, globalization gives a chance to grow and reach markets. However, with the rise of de-globalization trends and trade wars, big problems arise for businesses worldwide. Tensions between countries can mess up normal supply chains, making it hard to know where food is going worldwide.
Technological Advancements
Shahadat et al. (2023) say that using advanced tech can change farming a lot for the better. Precision farming, AI, and automation promise to make things more efficient. They will increase production while also helping us take care of the environment better. However, it is important to make sure everyone can use these technologies. There is a big difference between those who have access to digital tools and those who don’t have them, which we need to fix so people worldwide all get in on new ideas.
Climate Change and Environmental Concerns
Kubatko et al. (2023) and Leal Filho et al. stress the need for farmers to deal with the effects of climate change now! We need to use green farming methods like making our gardens and healing the land because natural changes can be harmful. These not only make soil better but also help with an important thing called carbon storage.
Geopolitical Shifts and Trade Disruptions
Fu and their team in 2023 explained how political changes affect the farming supply chain. Continuous problems and changes in trade can shake up established supply chains, making it hard to know what is happening with food sales worldwide. Big economies’ disagreements on trade can change market activities and affect what countries import or export in global agriculture.
Socioeconomic Changes and Consumer Trends
Dealing with changing buyer habits and unfair money changes, as stressed by Euromonitor International (2023), becomes important. The business needs to change with more people and money, making products that meet changing customer wants. Thinking about food waste, healthy eating, and fairly getting stuff have become very important. This also gives chances to people who care for nature-friendly habits or follow the right ways of sourcing (Ghemawat 2001).
Navigating Opportunities in the Agricultural Landscape
In the big space where crops grow, problems create strong shadows. However, between them, there is also a good chance to find new opportunities. If planned well, these chances can change farming into a better way. It will benefit both people and the earth Pereira et al. (2023). Let us start a trip through five really good roads that show how strong and flexible farming can be.
New Markets and Trade Partnerships
The old way of relying on just a few places to buy and sell is being tested as farmers look for new ways to grow. Vietnamese coffee farmers, dealing with ups and downs from the US market, show this ability by selling to South Korea and Japan,. Gupta S., & Kumar (2023). This smart action takes advantage of the growing coffee craze in these areas, offering steady growth and development. Likewise, Indian mango farmers are doing great in the Middle East. They align their fruits with a growing interest in tropical ones there (Yadav & Upadyayula, 2023).
Innovation and Technology Adoption
Precision farming, which uses sensors and drones with help from AI, signals a change that improves how things are done and saves resources. In Kenya, farmers who grow avocados use pictures from space to guess how much water they need. This lets them give the right amount of water where it is needed and save a lot of wasted water. This not only deals with a lack of resources but also helps to increase the amount produced (Shahadat et al., 2023). In the Netherlands, robot-controlled greenhouses allow yearly production of top-quality tomatoes. This helps reduce dependency on uncertain weather and best uses available land (George & Schillebeeckx, 2022).
Sustainable and Resilient Practices
The need for sustainability heard when we take up organic farming, restorative agriculture and better water use. Brazilian coffee fields that use shade-grown methods with local trees store carbon, helping against global warming and making different biodiverse areas for good coffee beans (De Leth & Tonen, 2022). In areas with little water, like California, farmers are making themselves stronger by using crops that can handle dry spells and putting in drip irrigation. This helps both their money-making jobs and the important things they need for life (Kubatko et al., 2023).
Improving the Chain of Value and Opening Markets
Making relationships stronger and being open in the food chain happens as a helpful approach. Dairy farmers in Argentina, understanding the power of being together, have made groups known as cooperatives. They work together to process and sell their milk. This group’s power helps them get better prices that are more fair. It also makes them stronger and able to compete in the market (Ababouch et al., 2023). Blockchain technology makes it easier to see where your food comes from. This helps people trust the source and encourages fair practices in getting food or goods.
Meeting Customer Needs and Fair Buying Practices
Customers, with more interest in health and environmentally friendly choices, are changing what goes on in farming. They are looking at eco-friendly practices and ethical buying habits – making a big impact! Fairtrade coffee groups in Uganda, who want to make sure workers get fair money and are treated well, have seen more interest from European people. This shows that good behaviour can make a big difference in what people buy and how the market works (Euromonitor International, 2023). Programs like “Welcome to the Farm” help people connect with local farmers in France. This promotes fresh and homegrown food while also making strong community connections.
Challenges facing the Agricultural sector
The agricultural sector in 2023 faces a multitude of challenges, each with its own set of complexities and implications.
Trade Barriers and Geopolitical Uncertainties
Trade fights, punishments and big power struggles can break up the normal flow of farm trade and make market changes wild (Fu et al., 2023). These troubles can cause price changes, doubts about the supply chain and problems getting into markets. For example, taxes can raise the price of farming products. This influences both growers and buyers. Tensions in different parts of the world can cause rules to be made against trade. This makes it harder for countries to exchange goods with each other and could lead to some areas needing more food (UN, 2023; Deresky, 2014). The current fight over trade between the United States and China shows what is happening (Fu et al., 2023). Putting taxes on farm products has messed up how goods are traded, causing more changes in market prices and wild price swings.
Digital Divide and Technology Access
The digital divide- thedivide- the difference between those who use digital tools and those who don’t – can worsen existing inequalities for developed and undeveloped countries (2023; Shahadat et al., 2018). Although tech can change farming with things like accurate farms, artificial intelligence and automation, it may not be shared equally. Making sure everyone can get these tools is important to stop the difference growing between areas with lots of technology and those that do not. In Africa below the Sahara, many farmers do not have access to digital tools that could make their work better (Shahadat et al., 2023). The digital gap stops these areas from getting the good things that come with precision farming and AI.
Climate Change and Resource Scarcity
Climate change is a big danger to farming and having enough food (Kubatko et al., 2023; Leal Filho et al., 2020). Weird weather like very dry spells, too much rain and super-hot days can cause crop damage, loss of animals on farms and less fish. Also, changes in the climate can make it harder to get resources. This is because farming needs a lot of water and good soil for growing plants. It is very important to take care of the environment and use resources to reduce these effects. The dry spells in California have hit farming (Kubatko et al., 2023; Leal Filho et al., 2020). Lack of water is causing crops to fail, hitting food safety and making farmers lose money.
Infrastructure and Investment Gaps
Not enough physical structures and not investing much in rural places can slow down farming progress. These issues also make it harder for people to access markets, according to to Joe Philips (aka Bogey), who said this back then – he was cool with these insights! Bad ways to move things can make it hard for farmers to sell their food. Also, insufficient electricity and water can lower how much farming gets done. Putting money into country roads, water systems for crops and electricity networks is very important. It helps farming grow and makes sure we have enough food. In the countryside of India, bad road networks stop farmers from getting to markets (Deloitte, 2023 Dan;g et al., 2020). This missing setup stops them from selling their goods at fair prices, which affects how they earn a living.
Social and Economic Inequalities
Poverty and hunger can be kept going in poor countries by social and financial differences. Not having the same chance to get land, resources and markets can stop little farmers from improving their lives and helping with enough food for everyone. Morrison (2020) says we need fair rules and actions to handle these unfair situations. These should help those who are not treated well get a good chance at resources and chances too. In many poor countries, who owns land is very unequal. This was found by Eduardsen and Marinova in 2020. Big farms often take the best land for farming, leaving small farmers with less good lands that don’t grow as much.
Conclusion
In the end, farming in 2023 is dealing with a difficult situation made by world events. Using new stuff like AI and precision farming is very important. It helps us make more food while also caring for the environment better. But, these tools must be used all over the world to make sure everyone has access. This is important because there’s a big difference between well-off areas and those that need help catching up with technology usage. Using good ways that don’t harm our planet also helps in improving situations. With climate change becoming a big problem for farming, it’s very important to do things like organic farming and other methods called regenerative agriculture. These help make the soil healthier and take away carbon from the air.
It is also very important to fix unfair differences in wealth and income. The food business needs to change with shifting customer habits and economic shifts. It should be about giving good nutrition, not wasting our meals, and getting ingredients ethically. This makes chances for people who follow good and fair ways. This review admits some limits, though. The attention has been on overall patterns, and certain local or smaller-area difficulties might have not been completely dealt with. We need more study to see how well different methods and actions work in certain situations. This shows how agriculture keeps changing, requiring constant study to guide farming techniques and rules. As the area keeps moving through this changing land, it needs to stay flexible and tough. It should be prepared for what a fast-moving world demands next.
Bibliography
Ababouch, L., Nguyen, K. A. T., Castro de Souza, M., & Fernandez‐Polanco, J. (2023). “Value chains and market access for aquaculture products.” This article explores the dynamics of value chains and market access in the aquaculture sector, providing insights into potential strategies for the agricultural sector to enhance market reach and sustainability.
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2023) “Smart Cities in Europe” Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of Smart City Economic Impacts. This study, though focused on urban contexts, offers a meta-analysis of smart city impacts, potentially suggesting ways technology can be leveraged in rural areas for precision farming and supply chain efficiency.
Dang, Q.T., Jasovska, P., and Rammal, H.G. (2020). “International business-government relations: The risk management strategies of MNEs in emerging economies.”This article provides insights into risk management strategies in emerging economies, which can inform agricultural businesses navigating complex global landscapes and government relations.
De Leth, O,D. and Tonen, R. M.A.F. (2022) “Creating Shared Value Through an Inclusive Development Lens: A Case Study of a CSV Strategy in Ghana’s Cocoa Sector.” Focusing on cocoa, this case study explores creating shared value, offering lessons for the agricultural sector in fostering inclusive development and sustainable practices.
Deloitte (2023). “2023 manufacturing industry outlook. Accelerating growth amid anticipated challenges.” Deloitte’s industry outlook can provide valuable insights into anticipated challenges and growth opportunities in the manufacturing sector, impacting agriculture through supply chain dynamics.
Deresky, Helen. “International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures, Text and Cases, Global Edition” (2022).This textbook provides a comprehensive view of international management, offering a foundation for understanding cross-border challenges and opportunities in the agricultural sector.
Eduardsen, J. and Marinova, S. (2020). “Internationalisation and risk: Literature review, integrative framework and research agenda.” This literature review contributes to understanding the risks associated with internationalization, which is crucial for agricultural businesses expanding globally.
Euromonitor International. “Top 10 Global Consumer Trends 2023.”** Consumer trends outlined in this report can inform agricultural practices to align with changing preferences, ensuring the sector meets evolving consumer demands.
Fu, Q., Gong, Q., Zhao, X. X., & Chang, C. P. (2023). “The effects of international sanctions on green innovations.” Investigating the impact of sanctions on green innovations, this study provides insights into geopolitical factors influencing sustainable practices in agriculture.
George, G., & Schillebeeckx, S. J. (2022). “Digital transformation, sustainability, and purpose in the multinational enterprise. Exploring digital transformation and sustainability in multinational enterprises, this article sheds light on how technology can drive sustainability in agriculture.
Ghemawat, P. (2001) “Distance still matters. The hard reality of global expansion.”Ghemawat’s work emphasizes the enduring significance of geographical distance in global expansion, providing insights into challenges related to market access, distribution, and international trade that may impact the agricultural sector.
Gupta, S., & Kumar, N. (2023). “Time varying dynamics of globalization effect in India.”Examining the time-varying dynamics of globalization in India, this research offers a context-specific perspective on how globalization trends may influence the agricultural sector in the region.
Kim, H.-M., Li, P. and Lee, Y.R. (2020) “Observations of deglobalization against globalization and impacts on global business.” Focused on deglobalization trends, this research provides insights into potential disruptions in global supply chains and markets affecting the international trade of agricultural products.
Kubatko, O., Merritt, R., Duane, S., & Piven, V. (2023). “The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global food system resilience.” This study delves into the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global food system, offering lessons and strategies for enhancing resilience in the agricultural sector.
Leal Filho, W., Wolf, F., Lange Salvia, A. et al. “Heading towards an unsustainable world: some of the implications of not achieving the SDGs.” Exploring the implications of not achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this research underscores the importance of sustainable practices in the agricultural sector to address global challenges.
Morrison, Janet. “The Global Business Environment: Towards Sustainability?” (2020).Morrison’s work provides a comprehensive view of the global business environment with a focus on sustainability, offering insights into how sustainable practices can be integrated into the agricultural sector.
Pereira, V., Bamel, U., Temouri, Y., Budhwar, P., & Del Giudice, M. (2023). “Mapping the evolution, current state of affairs and future research direction of managing cross-border knowledge for innovation.” This research maps the evolution of managing cross-border knowledge for innovation, providing valuable insights for agricultural businesses seeking to enhance innovation and knowledge sharing.
Shahadat, M. H., Nekmahmud, M., Ebrahimi, P., & Fekete-Farkas, M. (2023). “Digital Technology Adoption in SMEs: What Technological, Environmental and Organizational Factors Influence in Emerging Countries?” Focused on digital technology adoption in SMEs, this research is relevant for understanding the factors influencing technology adoption in the agricultural sector, particularly in emerging economies.
UN, “The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023.” – Towards a Rescue Plan for People and Planet. The UN report outlines progress toward Sustainable Development Goals, providing a framework for evaluating the alignment of the agricultural sector with global sustainability objectives.
Yadav, S., & Upadhyayula, R. S. (2023). “Geographic Cluster or Global Linkages? What Accelerates Emerging Market Firms Foreign Entry Speed.” This research on foreign entry speed of emerging market firms contributes to understanding strategies that can be adopted by agricultural businesses for international expansion.
References
Ababouch, L., Nguyen, K. A. T., Castro de Souza, M., & Fernandez‐Polanco, J. (2023). “Value chains and market access for aquaculture products.” Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. Available at [Link](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jwas.12964)
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