Family life
Families in Lebanon have a propensity to be loyal and close-knit. It is customary in rural areas for families to live in one house. Cousins are bound to maintain a close liaison as sitters and brothers. Children are introduced to strict discipline and are bound to respect their elders and parents. Typically, Lebanese families are patriarchal. Mothers take care of household chores and taking care of the children. These families live in one area as relatives. The father is viewed as the family’s head and the authority figure (Mardhiah et al., 2021). Usually, all the main decisions in the household are made after the father’s approval. There exists no word that integrates both mothers and fathers in these families. When interacting with families, Aabaa’ addresses the father, while Om’mahat addresses the mother.
Customs and beliefs
Religion is significant in Lebanese tradition, legal systems, and politics. Lebanon acknowledges 18 religious sects conceded within Christian and Muslim faiths, each accounting for a significant Lebanese society. Muslims amount to a large portion of Lebanon. In healthcare settings, caring for Muslims requires an understanding of their spiritual and cultural values. Islamic faith can impact the decision-making and the utilization of healthcare. Caring for Muslim patients provides several challenges for numerous non-Muslim nurses. Mardhiah et al., 2021 suggest that societal attitudes and perceptions towards individuals with disabilities differ in different cultures. Disabled Muslims exist in other situations, and each encounters unique challenges. According to classic Islam, the wifely duties based on the obligation of women are to provide sex as well as their responsibility to bear children. Women are not bound to refuse to carry out their marital duties, thus preventing men from committing illicit intercourse. Islamic tradition suggests that children are equitable to enjoy themselves and play and should be dutiful to their parents.
Speech and language
Non-verbal
Gestures- Lebanese communities are utterly animated communicators who generally utilize numerous gestures and expressions to prove a point.
Personal space- people in Lebanon often stand and sit exceedingly close to each other.
Hands- individuals following Islam separate their hand’s function. Lebanese consider the left hand unclean and utilize it to remove dirt.
Pointing is considered rude to point or beckon at someone with the index finger; rather, the entire hand should be used.
Verbal
Indirect communication- In Lebanon, communication is indirect, and a person’s express point is attained generally through a roundabout approach. People often attempt to merge discussions or relate subjects with their thoughts.
Language style- Lebanon’s people speak eloquently, often utilizing intense, lengthy, and theoretical language.
According to Mardhiah et al., 2021 Arabic possesses 28 consonants, while English has 24. It has eight vowels against English, which has 22 diphthongs. In Arabic, texts are looked at from right to left. Patterns are utilized to construct Arabic words. Adding letters or changing vowels’ arks reveals the words’ specific meaning linked to the root letters’ central meaning. Lebanon is viewed as a different multicultural state. The major languages used in the Lebanese context are French, Arabic, and English. Lebanese communities encounter and perceive variations in non-communicable disease care provision and access.
Testing considerations
According to law, interview questions considered illegal include those that indirectly disturb the interviewee’s emotions. In these contexts, the questions asked were not offensive and were not based on racism, so the interviewee would not be offended. Some challenges to test administration challenges may include language and cultural differences and implicit bias.
Behavioral interviewing is a powerful approach that uses pat conduct as a future performance predictor. By evaluating how the interviewee has handled certain situations in the past, valuable insights will be gained from the interview. Oral case history will be significant in rounding out the community’s history. Some basic and social phrases will be essential to facilitate a better rapport. Phrases such as excuse me, I’m sorry to hear that, and that is nice of you will be helpful in the interview. An interpreter will not be needed since the cultural community is familiar.
Cultural interview reaction
Critical summary
People in Lebanon accept an indirect style of communication. Context is the central aspect of deciphering their words’ meanings. The Lebanese community may imply that instead of stating their feelings directly, they should keep their honor intact and avoid conflicts. Eye contact is also included in their communication styles to utilize physical contact.
Typically, in the family context, urban families are smaller than ones. Children who undergo strict discipline are bound to respect their parents. In the younger generations, gender roles are changing since women work outside the home. According to classic Islam, the wifely duties based on the obligation of women are to provide sex as well as their responsibility to bear children. Lebanese culture is recognized for its differences and life zest. According to the Lebanese communities, objects are bound to be received and passed only with both hands together and the right hand. The heritage acknowledges that it is important not to cross one’s legs with the ankle on the knee since it is insulting to point a foot at another person.
Personal reflection
In a community, gender roles mean how people are expected to act, groom, dress, conduct themselves, and act on the basis of the assigned sex. Different traditions have a set of notions regarding how men and women are expected to dress, present themselves, and behave. Each community possesses role expectations, but they can vary from group to group. At some point, a woman would make family decisions in contexts where the man is not in a position to do so or when the decision must be made is urgent.
Application to service delivery
Counseling plays an essential role in service delivery in the SLP pathology field. The counseling skills required can be used during the assessment and managing all communication disorders. Counseling families and clients of Lebanese heritage with communication, speech, and language disorders regarding their diagnosis and options for treatment are based on the practice scope for speech-language pathologists. The objective of counseling for speech-language pathologists includes facilitating the community to study and find their answers, encounter a certain sense of control, and possess a new point of view regarding their self-care. Skills include actively listening, knowledge of utilizing close-ended questions according to the requirement, and the capability to handle the person’s negative feelings.
References
Mardhiah, I., Hadiyanto, A., Amaliyah, A., & Hakam, A. (2021). Developing Learning Competencies of Multicultural and Local Wisdom Values-Based Islamic Religious Education in Higher Education in Indonesia. Hayula: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies, 5(1), 81-92.http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/hayula/article/view/17585
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