Literature Review
Improving Transitional Care: A Systematic Review of Interventions
The proposed interventions in transitional care have focused on care coordination, patient education, medication reconciliation, and others that contribute to how they may eventuate successful care transition and better patient outcomes.
Title: “Challenges in Transitional Care: A Qualitative Study Among Healthcare Providers”
This quality study shows the challenges that health service providers face in discharging transitional care. This approach has vital barriers, including “a total of 122” communication paths that are fragmented in care processes and insufficient and poor resources scattered in care work based on how complex nursing practices occur in a transitional setting.
Title: “Impact of Transitional Care Models on Hospital Readmissions: A Meta-Analysis”
The meta-analysis aims to include many different transitional models of care and give an equitably robust evaluation of the effect on hospital readmission in such a manner that can guide effective interventions, such as post-discharge follow-up, home visitation, and coordination of care.
Title: “Patient Perspectives on Transitional Care: A Mixed-Methods Study”
Objectives of this mixed methods study include providing an explanation of results obtained from patient views concerning diverse aspects of the transitional care experience, surveying and contributing in-depth insight into numerous perceptions about care coordination and communication with health care providers, and contributing post-acute care follow-up and hence are very helpful toward improving practice in transitional nursing from a patient-centred approach (Cowper et al., 2020).
Title: “Role of Nursing Leadership in Enhancing Transitional Care: A Scoping Review”
This scoping review outlines the contribution of nursing leadership in facilitating effective transitional care. It gets into a perspective where, for instance, some of these facilitators comprise education staff, inter-professional teamwork, and quality improvement projects led by nursing in response to the emphasis on the transition of care and improved patient outcomes.
Through the scope of the articles, an understanding of the challenges, transitional interventions, and patient perspectives regarding transitional nursing is grounded in the proposed study.
Methodology and Design
This research proposal details emergent mixed method design to develop interventions towards bettering patient outcomes by addressing challenges within transitional nursing. The study will be divided into two main phases.
Phase 1: Qualitative Inquiry
Interview on health providers – Ask for semi-structured interviews with nurses, doctors, and social workers concerning their provision of transitional care.
Theme-centered analysis of interview data on challenges, barriers, and facilitators in the context of general issues on nursing practice in transitions (Jawed & Rotella, 2020).
Phase 2: Quantitative Analysis
Assessment through analyzing responses to the survey would serve as a tool for understanding patients’ experiences and satisfaction and how efficient interventions are for transitional care.
Sampling Methodology
Purposive Sampling: Purposive sampling will involve selecting a wide range of healthcare providers. Purposively sampled healthcare providers will comprise nurses, nurses’ aides, physicians, and social workers working in hospitals, outpatient clinics, and home care agencies and having at least six months of work experience in providing transitional care.
Sample Size: For each study for adult patients would require 30-50 participants from the patients identified across three local private clinics. This would be convenient to avail of after permission is given by the patients. Diversification by demographic factors like age and sex, along with clinical characteristics, is to be bred in the sample.
Methodology and Design
The current study will establish an adapted mixed-methods research design anticipated to yield full-scale findings on the challenges people experience in transitional nursing and create a base of evidence to improve patient outcomes. To achieve its objectives, the research will be conducted in two main stages: qualitative inquiry and quantitative analysis. Phase 1: Qualitative Inquiry
In this phase, semi-structured interviews 2 with nurses, doctors, and social workers involved in transitional care will be engaged. The discussion will prominently involve their experiences coming together with views and challenges in practice issues ushered in by transitional nursing.
Quantitative Analysis
The quantitative approach will use self-administered questionnaires in data collection from the patients who are freshly discharged from the hospital. Issuing the questionnaires to the participants will be to exactly request data concerning their experiences, levels of satisfaction, and the interventions’ perceived effectiveness. Patients recruited in the data collection will be through convenience sampling to ensure that there is homogeneity about the population demographics and any other confounders that might be possible (Sun et al., 2023). The following survey-based responses will include quantitative data by applying statistical methods to numerically measure the perception of patients and stimuli of transitional care patterns.
Integration of Findings
In this case, quantitative and qualitative research findings will be integrated to understand the challenges facing nursing practice in transitional nursing and, out of all these findings, their effect on patient outcomes. The integration of data will bring credibility to this study. The study’s integrated findings will drive the development of evidence-based interventions to address identified barriers and enhance transitional nursing practices.
Sampling Methodology
Qualitative Sampling
- Population: Healthcare providers involved in transitional care, including nurses, physicians, and social workers.
- Sampling Technique: Purposive Sampling.
- Selection Criteria
- Sample Size: Approximately 20-30 participants, with saturation guiding the final sample size determination.
- Recruitment Procedure: Invitation emails or flyers distributed through professional networks and healthcare institutions.
Quantitative Sampling:
Population: Patients who have recently undergone care transitions, such as hospital discharge to home care.
Sampling Technique: Convenience Sampling.
- Selection Criteria: Recent discharge from a healthcare facility (within 2-4 weeks).
- Sample Size: It is considered based on feasibility and number of resources. The aim should be that the sample size should be enough to give variability for a few demographic characteristics and, at the same time, clinical conditions.
Recruitment Procedure:
- Recruitment through healthcare institutions, community organizations, and online platforms.
- Survey invitations can be distributed during follow-up appointments or through electronic communication (Jiang et al., 2020).
- Informed consent was obtained from participants before survey administration.
Overall Sampling Considerations
Ethical concerns: Voluntary participation, assurance of confidentiality, and safety in the data provided by the respondents.
Age, gender, and ethnicity were diversified enough to ensure diversity, favouring the state of generalization of findings entirely.
Data Collection: Strict data collection means minimal bias should be exercised for the study period.
Data analysis: Relevant techniques will be used to analyze data for a valid analysis. The study will be mixed in nature.
Below are some of the tools and resources that will be of significance in implementing all the processes entailed in data collection and analyzing and disseminating the findings of a research project on transitional nursing around the country. A semi-structured interview guide will be produced to extract various invaluable insights from healthcare givers and gather how experiential and view-based information on hitches in the scope of transitional nursing (Jiang et al., 2020). This guide comprises open-ended questions that aim for substantial, qualitative data. In addition, data collection tools like audio recording gadgets can be used to collect interview data so that the responses are maintained as they will be done correctly to fit the presentation. However, this will depend on approval from participants.
A survey questionnaire will also be gathered from the patients. The questionnaire content will elicit measures of how different patients’ experiences, satisfaction, and perception of the various interventions toward achieving a better outcome as part of the transition care protocol. The survey tool, both web-based and paper, is one of the most essential and indispensable devices in terms of the need for quantity of data and the comprehensive data coming from various patients (Høgsgaard, 2020). Using proper thematic analysis software helps structure and process the right kind of qualitative data gathered about interviews. It further translates the interviews into understandable and systematically presented datasets pointing to different interviewees’ narratives, recurring themes, and patterns.
Data interpretation of the quantitative survey data will be done with the help of statistical software after the collection. For example, the program displays that SPSS is an instrumental tool that will guide the researcher smoothly by running off the descriptive and inferential statistics and pointing out outpatient relationships and trends. Besides, there is a need to ethnically use baseline and study data management software in writing research protocols, reports, and manuscripts (Jiang et al., 2020). It ensures that research findings are communicated in an appropriate scholarly format that meets academic standards.
Different tools and platforms will be used to communicate effectively with the team members, as well as emails and professional networking (Jawed & Rotella, 2020). Thus, they have ease in contacting the participants and making way for recruitment so that the whole process runs without the gap in coordination. Video conferencing for better remote collaboration eases virtual meetings with staff and helps in discussions with staff using different video conferencing tools, for example, Zoom and Microsoft Teams. Other tools such as Asana or Trello in project management will aid in ensuring the coordination of tasks and making sure envisioned timelines for the same, in addition to available resources, are of the needed state in making research fruitful.
Reference materials can be quickly reviewed with software such as Zotero mg; the literature is produced at a glance. These tools help the researcher keep in check all references required and make bibliographies as much as possible, putting everything in order with minimal work set by the researcher in reviewing the literature.
References
Cowper, P., Peterson, E., & DeLong, E. (2020). Low-risk elderly patients may be safely discharged early from the hospital following bypass surgery. Home Healthcare Nurse: The Journal for the Home Care and Hospice Professional, 16(7), 484. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004045-199807000-00014
Høgsgaard, D. (2020). How can action research provide a more participated dialogue between health professionals when elderly patients are discharged from the hospital? International Journal of Integrated Care, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.2082
Jawed, A., & Rotella, J. D. (2020). Coordinate care and care transitions with primary care clinicians, specialty palliative care, and hospice. Palliative Care in Nephrology, 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190945527.003.0020
Jiang, X., Yao, J., & You, J. H. (2020). Telemonitoring versus usual care for elderly patients with heart failure discharged from the hospital in the United States: Cost-effectiveness analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(7), e17846. https://doi.org/10.2196/17846
Sun,, M., Wang,, J., & Zhuansun,, M. (2023). Transition of care from hospital to home for older people with chronic diseases: A qualitative study of older patients and health care providers’ perspectives. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1128885/full
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