Beaufort, M. (2019). How candy placements in films influence children’s selection behavior in real-life shopping scenarios – an Austrian experimental field study. Journal of Children and Media, 13 (1), 153-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2018.1547776
This article by Beaufort discusses how the selection behavior in real-life shopping scenarios among children is influenced by candy placement in films. The focus of this study is children of ages three to nine to establish the influencing factors in media. From this study, Beaufort discovered that children in the treatment group are more likely to select advertised products in films. This trend was observed in younger children, and the correlation was not affected by gender. The findings in this study were based on mediation analysis and multilevel regression, and moderation. In this case, the risk involved was nine times higher than the risk recorded for a controlled group. This means that product placement in films is associated with persuasion processes through partial mere-exposure effects and evaluative conditions. This study explores the underlying effect mechanism of product placement in films to provide an in-depth understanding of the persuasion processes associated with product placement in media. In other words, it provides a comprehensive understanding of influencing factors. Therefore, the source is relevant to this study because social media is a type of media in which product placement or marketing through influencers can influence buying habits among young people. In other words, it helps in explaining the persuasive power of media.
Bickham, D. S. & Slaby, R. G. (2012). Effects of a media literacy program in the US on children’s critical evaluation of unhealthy media messages about violence, smoking, and food. Journal of Children and Media, 6(2), 255-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2012.662031
This article by Bickham and Slaby evaluates the effectiveness of health-focused media literacy programs for young people. According to Bickham and Slaby, using a susceptibility reduction strategy in these programs helps enhance how young people crucially valuate non-nutritional easting, substance abuse, and portrayals of violence. Also, the strategy is important in developing media-literacy beliefs and skills among participants. Therefore, health-focused media literacy programs for young people are critical in ensuring that participants understand their desires and behaviors. In this case, they learn that fast food advertisements might look healthy and might end up influencing their behaviors and desires. The main strength of this article is that it provides a solution to negative media influences among children. It is unique because it focuses on helping children improve their evaluation of media messages. I plan to use the information in this article in the recommendations section of this discussion because it provides information on how social media and other types of media can have a positive influence on eating behavior among children by introducing health-focused media literacy programs for young people.
Bulck, J. Custers, K., Nelissen, S. (2016). The child-effect in the new media environment: challenges and opportunities for communication research. Journal of Children and Media, 10(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2015.1121897
Buick, Custers, Nelissen investigate how the new media environment affects children. They argue that it is time to depart from previous studies that focus on parental influences and consider the rules and norms of from media and how they influence children. According to Buick, Custers, Nelissen, the recent changes in the media landscape that includes the introduction of tablets and smartphones should be investigated to establish their impact on behavior. This source provides a detailed theoretical overview of current and future communication research on how media and communication affect the relationship between children and parents. Buick, Custers, Nelissen argues that previous media research ignores the “child-effect,” yet it is an important perspective in establishing the general impact of media. For instance, children can internalize the media rules and norms that affect their behavior and perspectives about life. This source is significant because the much-needed theoretical overview of media and communication research is based on the child-effect hypothesis. Therefore, the source is important for this study that focuses on the effect of media on children in terms of food choices and eating behavior.
Chau, M. M., Burgermaster, M., Mamykina, L. (2018). The use of social media in nutrition interventions for adolescents and young adults-A systematic review. Int J Med Inform. 120:77-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.10.001.
This study by Chau Burgermaster, Mamykina focuses on establishing how adolescents and young adults can be supported to learn about nutrition and maintain a healthy diet in a potentially engaging way on social media. The study examines the features and content of different social media interventions and their effectiveness in promoting positive national outcomes among adolescents and young adults. Through a systematic review of 16 articles, Chau Burgermaster, Mamykina established that some of the most notable features in various interventions include; gamification, social support, tailoring, education, tracking health, communication, and social media. From these features, the social media feature had the most significant behavioral and nutritional-related clinical outcomes. Chau, Burgermaster, and Mamykina conclude that nutritional intervention on social media for adolescents and young adults has promising results compared to other features that were investigated in the study. Some of the strengths of this study are that it takes a comparative approach when investing in different intervention features, and findings from the review are based on peer-reviewed studies. This source and the one by Klassen et al. highlight the positive effects of social media on food choices among children and will be critical in having a balanced debate on the topic. In this case, this source will provide evidence to show that social media and influencers can help influence healthy food choices among children.
Chung, A., Vieira, D., Donley, T., Tan, N. et al. (2021). Adolescent Peer Influence on Eating Behaviors via Social Media: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res. 2021 Jun; 23(6): e19697. doi: 10.2196/19697
The article by Chung et al. is a scoping review of how adolescent peer influence on social media affects eating behaviors among adolescents. According to Chung et al., social media peer groups are a powerful change agent because they can influence eating behaviors among adolescents. The study revealed that Facebook and Instagram are the most popular platforms on which adolescent peer influence contributed to healthy and unhealthy healthy eating behaviors. The most notable healthy eating behavior was fruit and vegetable uptake. Fast food advertising influenced unhealthy eating behaviors. Also, eating disorder relapse prevention among young people was enhanced by online forums. The four central themes that shaped social media influence include; adolescent market influencers, socialized digital connections, content dissemination, and visual appeal. Like the study by Kucharczuk et al., this source highlights the role of social media influences in influencing eating behavior among adolescents. The study is inclusive because the sample population was selected from eight different countries and four different continents. This source is relevant to this topic because it proves that social media influence both health and unhealthy eating behaviors among adolescents. Therefore it applies to both sides of the debate.
Klassen, K. M., Douglass, C. H., Brennan, L., Truby, H., & Lim, M. (2018). Social media use for nutrition outcomes in young adults: a mixed-methods systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 15, 70. Doi: 10.1186/s12966-018-0696-y
In this article, Klassen et al. use a mixed-method systematic review to determine how social media use affects nutritional outcomes in young adults. As health researchers, Klassen et al. seek to determine how appropriate health promotion campaigns and interventions can be designed by leveraging on how young people engage with social media platforms. After reviewing different articles relevant to the subject, the researchers established that social media could be an effective platform for health promotion campaigns and interventions among young adults. The study revealed that young adults are more receptive to healthy recipes and eating tips shared on social media. However, the group is not open to sharing their personal weight-related information on social media platforms. The findings from this source are important in arguing about the positive benefits of social media on nutritional outcomes. It provides a perfect counter-argument for the negative effects of social media on nutritional outcomes among young people. The mixed-method systematic review considers both qualitative and quantitative results that are meant to provide a comprehensive outlook. This source will be relevant for this research topic because it highlights the positive side of social media and influencers in promoting positive nutritional outcomes among young people.
Kucharczuk, A. J., Oliver, T. L. & Dowdell, E. B. (2021). Social media’s influence on adolescents’ food choices: A mixed studies systematic literature review. Appetite, 1 (168). Doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105765
This study by Kucharczuk et al. examines how food choices among adolescents are influenced by social media based on a systematic literature review. The main focus of their investigation was to investigate how food and beverage advertisements on social media influence food choices among adolescents on social media. The study revealed that there is a growing presence of adolescents on social media, and this is bound to influence their eating habits. This systematic literature review established that social media advertisement can contribute to the risk of developing negative health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity depending on the product’s nutritional value. Besides, this review revealed that the adolescent population forms the main target of food and beverage companies that advertise their products on social media. In this case, the companies use influencers and celebrities as the main tactic to promote “unhealthy” products. The main strength of this source is that the findings of the literature review are based on scholarly articles from reputable journals like PubMed and CINAHL. This source is relevant to this project because it helps prove the role of social media and influencers in affecting children’s food choices.
Qutteina, Y., Hallez, L., Raedschelders, M., De Backer, C. & Smits, T. (2021). Food for teens: how social media is associated with adolescent eating outcomes. Public Health Nutrition, 1 – 13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021003116
In this article, Qutteina et al. assess how self-reported adolescent eating outcomes are influenced by exposure to social media food messages. In this case, the outcomes under assessment include; food literacy, self-regulation perceived norms, and food intake. The study assesses the reported exposure to the core and non-core food messages using a cross-sectional survey. This includes social media marketing messages that target adolescents between 11–19 years of age. Findings from this assessment revealed that exposure to food messages on social media is positively associated with food literacy, perceived norms, behaviors, and eating attitudes among adolescents. The positive relationship was mediated by descriptive norms. For example, self-reported sweets consumption was indirectly associated with social media food messages. This article is critical because it helps prove the significant influence of young people. What makes this source credible is that the findings are based on statistical analysis and relationships between different variables. This article provides credible proof that social media can influence behavior among adolescents. Therefore, health promoters and professionals can take advantage of this relationship to promote core food among adolescents on social media platforms. This source is relevant for this study because it highlights the potential of social media to influence both positive and negative food choices among young people depending on the type of food messages the young people are exposed to on their social media platforms.
Serenkoa, A., Turelb, O., & Bohonis, H. (2021). The impact of social networking sites use on health-related outcomes among UK adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100058
This article by Serenkoa, Turelb, and Bohonis examines how health-related outcomes among UK adolescents are affected by social media network use. Serenoa, Turelb, and Bohonis argues that cutting social media use because of its impact on sleep and eating behavior is not the solution to negative health outcomes among young people. According to this study, the general health of adolescents is negatively affected by the daily use of social media networks. In this case, daily social media is associated with reduced healthy eating and decreased sleep duration among adolescents that participated in the study. The researchers conclude that other interventions to promote healthy sleep and eating habits should be adopted to ensure that their social media use has less impact on their health outcomes. The findings in this study are based on a comprehensive quantitative study and analysis that provides credible data for hypothesis formation. Also, the use of a large sample population is in the study provides a comprehensive representation of study findings. This source is relevant for this study because it discusses the influence of social media use on health outcomes among adolescents. The article focuses on eating habits among adolescents, and this is the main subject of inquiry in this project. Also, the article is revenant to the negative side of the debate because it highlights the negative effects of social media on eating habits among adolescents.
Turnwald, B. P., Anderson, K. G., Markus, H. R., &Crum, J. A. (2022). Nutritional Analysis of Foods and Beverages Posted in Social Media Accounts of Highly Followed Celebrities. JAMA, 5(1):e2143087. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.43087.
This article by Turnwald et al. analyzes social media posts on foods and beverages by highly followed celebrities to establish their nutritional quality. There is no doubt that highly followed celebrities have a major influence on their social media followers, who are more likely to adopt what they see in their posts. Turnwald et al. use a cross-sectional study to study 181 highly followed celebrities and their social media posts related to foods and beverages. They examined more than 5180 foods and beverages to establish their nutritional quality. In this case, they established most of the posts by celebrities are unsponsored and depict unhealthy foods and beverages. The nutritional quality of the posted foods and beverages is unknown, and this puts millions of young people that follow these celebrities at great risk. This means that celebrities or influencers have the power to reinforce unhealthy eating habits among their young followers. The quality of this source is that the findings are based on accurate data collected on real social media posts of highly followed celebrities. This source is relevant to my study because it contains information on the role of social media influencers in reinforcing food choices and behavior among children.
References
Beaufort, M. (2019). How candy placements in films influence children’s selection behavior in real-life shopping scenarios – an Austrian experimental field study. Journal of Children and Media, 13 (1), 153-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2018.1547776
Bickham, D. S. & Slaby, R. G. (2012). Effects of a media literacy program in the US on children’s critical evaluation of unhealthy media messages about violence, smoking, and food. Journal of Children and Media, 6(2), 255-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2012.662031
Bulck, J. Custers, K., Nelissen, S. (2016). The child-effect in the new media environment: challenges and opportunities for communication research. Journal of Children and Media, 10(1), 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2015.1121897
Chau, M. M., Burgermaster, M., Mamykina, L. (2018). The use of social media in nutrition interventions for adolescents and young adults-A systematic review. Int J Med Inform. 120:77-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.10.001.
Chung, A., Vieira, D., Donley, T., Tan, N. et al. (2021). Adolescent Peer Influence on Eating Behaviors via Social Media: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res. 2021 Jun; 23(6): e19697. doi: 10.2196/19697
Klassen, K. M., Douglass, C. H., Brennan, L., Truby, H., & Lim, M. (2018). Social media use for nutrition outcomes in young adults: a mixed-methods systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 15, 70. doi: 10.1186/s12966-018-0696-y
Kucharczuk, A. J., Oliver, T. L. & Dowdell, E. B. (2021). Social media’s influence on adolescents’ food choices: A mixed studies systematic literature review. Appetite, 1 (168). Doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105765
Qutteina, Y., Hallez, L., Raedschelders, M., De Backer, C. & Smits, T. (2021). Food for teens: how social media is associated with adolescent eating outcomes. Public Health Nutrition, First View, 1 – 13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021003116
Serenkoa, A., Turelb, O., & Bohonis, H. (2021). The impact of social networking sites use on health-related outcomes among UK adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100058
Turnwald, B. P., Anderson, K. G., Markus, H. R., &Crum, J. A. (2022). Nutritional Analysis of Foods and Beverages Posted in Social Media Accounts of Highly Followed Celebrities. JAMA, 5(1):e2143087. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.43087.
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