Introduction
The success of an organization depends on various imperative skills among which leadership and management are important. A globally recognized organization has to deal with a large number of people with cultural diversity and it is natural for them to possess different mentalities regarding any subject. So, the management of the team of employees and the skill of leading them towards a positive outcome is essential. Different leadership management theories like- the great man theory, change the formula, transformational leadership is incorporated to make the workforce atmosphere more impact. Here the organization named Tata Consultancy Services would be taken to elaborate the different leadership management approaches and their effect on the employees (Harris, and Jones, 2018). Also, to make the fact visible that the same leadership management theory can impact differently on separate organizations, two famous multinational companies are taken to focus on the distinct natures of the theories. However, the impact of leadership and management on the cultural diversity of people is also a point to be focused on here (Castillo, and Hallinger, 2018).
Discussion
Definitions of leader and manager
Leadership is a skill that enables a person to guide and influence a whole group of people to accelerate the success of the organization. The group and the leader seem interdependent because if one of them does not do their allocated job carefully, then that would be considered a collective failure (Delanoy, and Kasztelnik, 2020). However, management is associated with the planning, designing, and arranging the working of the organization to fulfill the goals in the given period. A leader is associated with the social aspects of the organization. He is there to build good communication, manage the time, motivate the employees, etc, whereas a manager has to keep an eye on the technical and management sector of the company such as controlling, arranging, planning, etc. However, both the roles of leaders and managers require the amalgamation of various skills like- seriousness in work, being positive, etc to gain the faith of the employees. A good leader can cheer up a team that was given up doing a certain work but a manager can only fix the bugs and allocate the works in a scheduled way to make their work easy (Hallinger, 2020).
Figure 1: Qualities of a leader
(Source: qualities of a leader – blogspot,2022)
Hard vs soft skills
The employees are expected to have some skills like- using computers, writing, ability to communicate, create a good work atmosphere, etc to fits into the organization. These skills can be divided into two categories such as- hard skills and soft skills. Hard skills are those which can be measured and it is the soft skills that could not be quantified. The most expected hard skills of an employee are- writing, reading, using the computer, creating different software. Likewise, good behavior, knowledge in a certain subject, communication skills are part of soft skills. Now, if multinational companies such as Tata consultancy services need an employee with hard skills like- the ability to generate a computer program, mobile application, or software. As an IT company, the requirements are like these but if we talk about a company that digital services to customers then the hard skills would turn into- generating chatbots, creating email portals, fixing the technological glitches, etc. The soft skills in an IT company would include elaborating the process of creating certain applications for the novice ones, giving training in the newer ones. The digital marketing companies would need soft skills like- communicating and the ability to resolve a solution collaboratively, managing time, etc. However, a content writer would be expected to have the hard skill of writing and reading whereas the soft skill of quick understanding of a given topic is appreciated in that field. Among many soft skills- leadership is important. A major part of leadership is to maintain a good relationship with the group and motivate them towards a target (Gümüş, et al., 2020). These abilities fall into the category of soft skills. So, leadership as a whole can be defined as a soft skill. Whereas management is a hard skill. The skill of management demands to have the qualities of arranging data, collecting works, organizing the activities so that the company can reach their goal in the predestined time. All these are measurable and thus they fall into the category of hard skills (Golensky, and Hager, 2020).
Figure 2: Hard skills vs Soft skills
(Source: hard skill and soft skill – Academia, 2022)
Application of leadership and management theories in leadership and management in the chosen organization
Leadership and management being two vital causes of the success of a company demand to be applied in cautious ways. There are certain theories of leadership such as the great man theory, the change formula, transformational leadership, etc. To elaborate the functions of these theories the multinational company Tata consultancy services ids taken. Tata consultancy services is an Indian organization that has spread its wings worldwide. It is providing IT services to a huge number of canters. Firstly, the great man theory suggests that there are people who have intertwined leadership qualities in them. They automatically demand to be the leaders as they have little to learn. The features of a “great man” include- wisdom, orating quality, intellectuality, etc. In Tata consultancy services there many people are joining in every year and among them, some are efficient enough to become the team lead. They are given preferences.
Secondly, the change formula is a theory of leadership that suggests a change in the perspective of the leader. In this, the leader is supposed to look into the happenings of the team and in conclusion, he/she decides to alter certain aspects like- the way of communication, the position of some employees, work allocation, etc. In Tata consultancy services, the change formula is adopted like- the adaptation of the work from the home system or reorganizing the posts for example- the appointment of Rajesh Gopinathan in the post of chief executive officer, etc.
Thirdly transformational leadership theory supports the activities of a leader to reach beyond the interest which involves the self. In Tata consultancy services the employees are compelled to leave their comfort zone and think about products with sheer uniqueness.
Figure 3: Theories Of Leadership
(Source: theories of leadership – academia,2022)
Comparing at least two other
Leadership style refers to the approach of a leader to instruct, evaluate and merge the plans that he/she previously decided. There are certain styles of leadership such as participative leadership, autocratic leadership, transactional leadership, etc. These leadership styles can be clearly defined by referring to two different organizations such as Tesla and Accenture. Tesla is an electric vehicle company that aims at creating sustainable energy. On the other hand, Accenture is a software development company that provides IT services. Firstly, in Tesla, CEO Elon Musk focuses on the overall growth of the company and allows all the employees to have equal respect. He emphasizes the contribution of every employee and any employee can reach him without going through any complicated HR process. In this sense in Tesla Elon Musk follows participative leadership. In participative leadership, every participant or employee can take part in the process of the development of the organization.
Secondly, Accenture being a world-famous IT company has many segregation in the posts of the company and there Julie Sweet is the CEO and chairperson. There the autocratic leadership can be seen as there the planning, designing, and arrangement of activities are done by the people who are in a bigger position only. The employees are only instructed to do the works. In autocratic leadership, the autocracy of the leader remains intact.
Thirdly transactional leadership refers to the way of leadership where giving punishment and reward are two important parts of leading the team. It is a way of motivating the employees as sometimes the tasks are proved to be uninteresting. So to encourage them and to increase the excellence of the work outcome, transactional leadership is important. In Accenture and Tesla both employees are surprised with holidays, gifts, cashback as well as punishments like- recession, cutting down wages (Karatepe, Aboramadan, and Dahleez, 2020.).
These leadership styles leave remarkable impacts on the decision-making of the company. A leader is supposed to make the decisions as well as to manage the whole team. Here, he/she has to keep in mind the comfort of the employees. So, by implying the transactional leadership style a leader can influence the psychology of the employee and accelerate the workforce. In participatory leadership style by amalgamating the views of the employees, a company can reach the zenith of power.
An examination of different leadership and management approaches taken to evaluate their effectiveness and the impact that the role of leadership and management has on organizational culture and performance
Leadership and management being two key components of the success of a company, demands to have different approaches which make the process to lead more fascinating. Among several magnificent leadership approaches- the democratic leadership approach, Laissez-faire leadership approach are vital. Firstly, the democratic leadership approach allows the employees of a company to have the freedom they need. Like a democratic country that counts every citizen as an asset, in democratic leadership, every employee is precious. The opinions they give or the action they suggest, are received and evaluated. The decision that a team takes by incorporating democratic leadership, are taken in a collaborative and united way. It plays a great role in the development of the culture of an organization as in this approach the leader listens to every employee’s opinion, the work culture seems to be less formal. The performance of the employees also speeds up with the sharing of opinions (Ding, Choi,and Aoyama,2019.).
Figure 4: Democratic Leadership
(Source: democratic leadership – careercliff, 2022)
On the other hand, the Laissez-faire leadership approach is a breaker of stereotypes as it allows the employees to work on their own. There is no need to share opinions or suggest anything, not even they have to listen to the words of the team lead. They are told to work in whatever way they want. However, it cannot be implemented in a place where the employees are not skilful. Only a team of employees with exceptional skill work can apply this approach. Also, there has to be a strong bond of faith between the workers and the leaders. This has a great impact on the work culture of the organization. The organization seems more friendly and inclusive. It also enhances the performance of the whole team because the appreciation of their work is omnipresent in the work atmosphere (Bush, and Middlewood, 2019).
Conclusions
It is fascinating to note that an organization needs such a huge number of things to function properly. The graph of a company’s success depends upon its leadership quality and management structure of it. The quality of a good leader includes hard skills like- writing, reading, generating computer programs, making new software, etc whereas soft skills like- communicative skills, time management, good behaviour are also necessary. However, the different leadership theories like- the great man theory, change the formula, transactional theories are also there to differentiate among various aspects of the essence of a good leader. However, a good leader incorporates new styles of leadership like- democratic leadership style and Laissez-faire leadership style where the notion of conventional leadership styles is broken. Multinational company’s like- Tata consultancy services are taken to project how the leadership theories impact the work culture. Management of a team and being a good leader is related to the environment of the team. The idea to give punishment and rewards to the employees makes the idea clear that not only technical skills or hard skills are important but also motivational strategies are vital too. The example of Accenture and Tesla are also brought to analyse the impact of leadership styles. Leadership approaches can be autocratic and democratic. In autocratic the head of the organization seems like the sole conductor of actions, whereas in a democratic approach, all the employees are given similar importance and their opinions are valued. So, by discussing different aspects of leadership and management, the importance of these in the workplace is critically evaluated and then it is also stated that management and leadership are intertwined.
References
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