Introduction
Mental health intervention is critical to the improvement of the quality of life of patients globally. Mental disorders such as anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia hinder a person’s cognitive abilities. Thus, mental disorders negatively affect every aspect of patients’ life, like socialization and work performance. These impacts deteriorate the life quality of a patient, which prompts for development of effective interventions. Care coordinators develop appropriate patient-centered interventions considering ethical principles and the impact of existing health policies. The plan is delivered strategically and tailored according to the patient’s needs. Therefore, patient-centered interventions that adhere to ethical principles and consider various practice policies can be implemented to facilitate recovery effectively.
Design patient-centered health interventions and timelines for a selected healthcare problem
Anxiety
Anxiety is a mental health disorder that describes the excessive reaction to a stressful situation. The reaction results from a person’s perception of the situation being more threatening than it is. An anxious person is constantly afraid and worried about typical situations. This mental condition is characterized by rapid breathing, elevated heart rate, sweating, and fatigue (Penninx et al., 2021). Anxiety, therefore, reduces the quality of life of a person.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective patient-centered therapy for anxiety. CBT intervention involves the correction of cognitions that trigger excessive responses to a situation (Penninx et al., 2021). Before the intervention, patient data will be collected, including triggering situations that make the patients anxious. During therapy, the patients will be constantly exposed to these fearful stimuli until their cognition patterns change from invoking automatic negative thoughts to positive thoughts. Consequently, the patients will be able to perceive these triggering situations as less threatening and without experiencing anxiety. The patients will require 20 therapy sessions, one session per week, for improved mental health state (Penninx et al., 2021). After the intervention, patients should be able to face stressful situations with displaying anxiety symptoms.
Cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for anxiety will be supplemented by community resources such as support groups, self-help programs, and community-based programs such as the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADA). These support groups will create spaces for the patients to share their experiences and gain comfort from group members. Furthermore, self-help programs will provide additional assistance to the patients, for instance, relaxation programs to propel recovery. Additionally, ADA will provide services such as patient education on managing anxiety (ADA, 2023). Collectively, these services will facilitate patients’ recovery.
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder resulting from experiencing a scary and dangerous event. During these events, people experience fear. However, PTSD patients continue to experience intense fear when they are not in danger. Symptoms of PTSD include; constant fear, angry outbursts, flashbacks, and sleeping difficulties (Larsen et al., 2019). Consequently, PTSD patients rarely experience positive emotions such as peace and happiness, an outcome that necessitates intervention implementation.
Pharmacological intervention is a patient-centered intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder. The pharmacological intervention involves the administration of medication, such as antidepressants, to treat PTSD symptoms (Larsen et al., 2019). This approach will involve diagnosing the patients’ symptoms to ensure appropriate medication is prescribed. The patient’s symptoms will be closely monitored during the intervention to track progress. A medication that targets that symptom shall be halted whenever a symptom is eradicated. For effective results, treatment will be administered for 12 months (NHS, 2023). Post-intervention, patients should be able to have improved mental health.
In addition to pharmacological therapy, community resources such as support groups, community health centers, and ADA will be implemented. The support groups will allow patients to receive peer support and group counseling. On the other hand, patients will receive mental health services from community health centers, including medication prescriptions. Furthermore, ADA educational programs will provide essential knowledge on how to cope with PTSD (ADA, 2023). Cooperation among these community resources will aid the recovery process.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental health disorder in which a person interprets reality as abnormal. Schizophrenic persons have impaired cognitions that inhibit communication and socialization. This disorder is associated with traits such as hallucinations and delusions, thoughts, and movement disorders (Asher et al., 2018). Schizophrenia lowers a person’s productivity as they cannot be employed and thus reducing their quality of life.
Rehabilitation will be an effective patient-centered intervention for schizophrenic patients. Rehabilitation will involve enrolling in a psychiatric hospital where patients will obtain treatments such as remedial therapy to restore cognitive functionality (Asher et al., 2018). Rehabilitation will also enhance the increment of the intellect level of patients. The rehabilitation period will be 12 months to ensure sustained recovery (Asher et al., 2018). After the intervention, schizophrenic patients should be able to socialize and perceive reality normally.
Community resources such as community-based rehabilitation centers, community health centers, and programs like the National Institute of mental health (NIMH) will support the rehabilitation intervention. These rehabilitation centers are institutions where schizophrenic patients receive healthcare services such as cognitive therapies to correct their cognitive abilities. Conversely, community health centers’ physicians will help administer medications such as antipsychotics to the patients. Furthermore, NIMS’ educational and support programs will provide additional health support to aid recovery (NIMS, 2023). Such coordinative care will enhance schizophrenic symptom reduction and improvement in the patient’s quality of life.
Consider ethical decisions in designing patient-centered health interventions.
Interventions implemented for mental health conditions discussed above will benefit the patient. These interventions prioritize the patient’s best interests, such as quick and sustained recovery. The benefits of providing patients with these health services will outweigh any adverse effects, such as side effects, by far (Nursing Ethics, 2023). The question regarding this principle is, will implementing this intervention fulfill my obligation as a nurse of beneficence to a patient?
Additionally, these interventions will be accessible to all patients equitably. Despite their limitations, every patient will gain from applying these interventions despite their limitations, such as low socio-economic status in the community. Furthermore, any intervention-associated burdens, like financial burdens, will be distributed equitably among all the questions (Nursing Ethics, 2023)n. As a result, the following question arises: Will low-income patients feel more weight of the financial burden compared to financially-capable patients?
Identify relevant health policy implications for the coordination and continuum of care.
Nursing Ethics promotes nurses’ participation in essential mental health services to aid patients’ recovery. The Nursing code is a nursing practice policy outlining that nurses’ primary responsibility is enhancing patient safety (Nursing Ethics, 2023). In fulfilling this requirement, nurses are on the frontline of the care coordination team.
Furthermore, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan (MHAP) policy facilitates equitable healthcare provision at the community level. MHAP health services will provide other health and support services, such as education about mental disorders (WHO, 2023). This initiative aims to increase the service provision coverage, thus will promote equitable access to care and improving the quality of coordinated care.
Describe priorities a care coordinator would establish when discussing the plan with a patient and family member, making changes based on evidence-based practice.
Effective communication must be established during intervention plan discussions to ensure the plan’s success (Care Coordination, 2023). Effective communication will facilitate understanding of the plan by patients and family members. The care coordinator will provide the plan’s details to the patient and the family, and the discussion will be conducted efficiently.
Furthermore, evaluating patients’ needs and goals is vital during discussions. Discussions create space for patients to raise their concerns about the proposed interventions and communicate their mental health goals. The care coordinator should be attentive to these issues so that appropriate changes to the plan will be made to satisfy the patient (Care Coordination, 2023). As a result, the discussion process will be fruitful.
Use the literature on evaluation as a guide to compare learning session content with best practices.
The content of learning sessions is associated with the best healthcare practices. Ibarra-Sáiz et al. (2020) research on how the quality of a learning experience impacts the transfer of knowledge in practice concludes that quality of knowledge and knowledge transfer are interrelated. The quality is established through implementing assessments to evaluate the understanding of the curriculum content. The impact of classroom experiences is identified in the practice of the students. Therefore, the quality and grasping of classroom content enable the best nursing practices.
The learning sessions should be consistent with the training standards in the Healthy People 2030 document. The Healthy People 2030 document provides guidelines on the communication and educational techniques and resources to include in designing quality learning sessions that will produce a competent workforce (CDC, 2022). The resulting lesson sessions will adequately equip students with knowledge and skills for best practices.
Conclusion
The Health People 2030 document provides training recommendations for nurses to improve their competence during field practice. The document provides valuable teaching techniques that facilitate quality classroom experiences that will be transferred to healthcare practice. Good practices will promote the delivery of mental healthcare to community members.
References
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Asher, L., Hanlon, C., Birhane, R., Habtamu, A., Eaton, J., Weiss, H. A., Patel, V., Fekadu, A., & De Silva, M. (2018). Community-based rehabilitation intervention for people with schizophrenia in Ethiopia (rise): A 12-month mixed methods pilot study. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1818-4
Care coordination. AHRQ. (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2023, from https://www.ahrq.gov/ncepcr/care/coordination.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, October 27). Training development. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved May 5, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov/training/development/index.html
Ibarra-Sáiz, M. S., Rodríguez-Gómez, G., & Boud, D. (2020). The quality of assessment tasks is a determinant of learning. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 46(6), 943–955. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1828268
Larsen, E. L., Ashina, H., Iljazi, A., Al-Khazali, H. M., Seem, K., Ashina, M., Ashina, S., & Schytz, H. W. (2019, October 21). Acute and preventive pharmacological treatment of post-traumatic headache: A systematic review – The Journal of Headache and Pain. BioMed Central. Retrieved May 4, 2023, from https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-019-1051-7
NHS. (n.d.). NHS choices. Retrieved May 4, 2023, from https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/treatment/#:~:text=If%20medicine%20for%20PTSD%20is,of%204%20weeks%20or%20longer.
Nursing ethics: Sage journals. (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2023, from https://journals.sagepub.com/home/nej
Penninx, B. W. J. H., Pine, D. S., Holmes, E. A., & Reif, A. (2021). Anxiety disorders. The Lancet, 397(10277), pp. 914–927. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00359-7
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2030. World Health Organization. Retrieved May 5, 2023, from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240031029
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