Baird, H. P., Janion‐Scheepers, C., Stevens, M. I., Leihy, R. I., & Chown, S. L. (2019). The ecological biogeography of indigenous and introduced Antarctic springtails. Journal of Biogeography, 46(9), 1959-1973.
In their research journal, Baird et al. (2019) investigate the springtails’ overall richness; they seek to understand the faunal diversity and how the increase in their population might impact some biological inversions. In their research, they record that the environment’s temperature highly influences an overall high turnover of different species. Since their study was conducted in the Antarctic, the temperature is a crucial factor. They also note that the introduction of various species of animals has a widespread impact on the general human occupancy of the environment (Baird et al., 2019). From their findings, we can deduce some important conclusions that the study of ecological biogeography might be fully interested in. The availability of energy in an ecosystem seems to be one source of the overall richness of the ecosystem since we can conclude that higher energy means that the ecosystem will be sustained for a longer time (Baird et al., 2019). Since the introduced animal species positively varied from the indigenous animals, we can conclude that the area is the future for biological inversions by various animal species.
Schrodt, F., Santos, M. J., Bailey, J. J., & Field, R. (2019). Challenges and opportunities for biogeography—What can we still learn from von Humboldt? Journal of Biogeography, 46(8), 1631–1642.
In their journal publication, Schrodt et al. (2019) explain the various roles that von Humboldt played and his impact on general biogeography today. The authors argue that the influence of this scientist was the key to understanding most of the general relationships between the land geography and the various species of animals that occupy the land. Significant academic advancements in various scientific subjects are attributed to Humboldt (Schrodt et al., 2019). He created a hypothesis, for instance, for one of the most well-known biogeographic patterns: the hypothesis of water-energy dynamics. From the general descriptions of his success in the study of the various pillars of biogeography, we can easily conclude that Humboldt was a colossal figure in the general well-being of biogeography (Schrodt et al., 2019). The journal provides a broad background of biogeography, therefore, making it easier for one to comprehend and learn what the impacts of studying biogeography can be. From the journal, one can learn the history of biogeography and quickly draw connections between biogeography and even its impact on the human population.
Liu, Y., Fu, B., Wang, S., & Zhao, W. (2018). Global ecological regionalization: from biogeography to ecosystem services. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, pp. 33, 1–8.
Liu et al. (2018) explain the essence of and the general importance of ecological regionalization and its impact on environmental sustainability. Biogeography is sometimes interested in the distribution of natural resources and how the resources distribution can impact the occupants of the given area. The writers discuss ecoregions, vast units of land that include a unique collection of natural communities and organisms and have borders that approximate the original extent of natural populations before the significant land-use change. Based on the findings that are presented in the article, we can conclude that the objective of biogeography as a field of study is to include both biodiversity use sustainable and long-term sustainable development, as well as to offer assistance in bridging the gap that exists between knowledge and the general human behavior. The authors highlight some of the critical principles of biogeography which can make understanding the discipline easier and simpler. We can conclude that the behavior of human beings has a widespread impact on the environment occupied by various animal and plant species.
Torres, A. V., Tiwari, C., & Atkinson, S. F. (2021). Progress in ecosystem services research: A guide for scholars and practitioners. Ecosystem Services, p. 49, 101267.
According to the findings published in this study, knowing the ecosystem helps one grasp the services that a landscape and ecosystem level may provide by illustrating the connection between human well-being and natural biodiversity. The report summarizes the key concepts and methodologies used in this field that limit academics’ capacity to pioneer or include environmental services in their fields of study (Toress et al., 2021). The study’s authors created an organized process that charts the development of some of the essential topics and methods in the area of biogeography during the last 40 years. The results offer fundamental conclusions applied to the ecology. To quantify the ecosystem, the researchers employed a variety of tools, theories, methodologies, viewpoints, and management techniques (Toress et al., 2021). Landscape planning and biodiversity protection were among the significant results that generated the greatest discussion and attention, according to analyses. The most active technique was economic valuation, while the conceptual framework received the most citations. This publication offers a complete overview of the history and development of ecosystem service research and supplies a roadmap for its advancement.
Hutchins, D. A., & Capone, D. G. (2022). The marine nitrogen cycle: new developments and global change. Nature Reviews Microbiology, pp. 1–14.
The authors note that the nitrogen cycle is driven by a broad and metabolically adaptable microbial population in the ocean, which carries out activities such as nitrogen fixation. In their journal article, the authors explain the vast amount of recent work on the ocean nitrogen cycle that has been done in local fields like global biogeochemical modeling, as well as in settings like productive wetlands and the deep sea (Hutchins et al., 2022). From their review, we can conclude that new groups of microbial functional, innovative metabolic routes are some of the significant recent findings; these new findings tremendously impact human ecosystems. These new study paths are already aiding urgent attempts to solve this issue. The nitrogen cycle for the microbial is significantly impacted by ocean warming, nutrient enrichment, acidification, and stratification, but extensive ocean deoxygenation may have the most significant impact on the microorganisms participating in the anaerobic and aerobic transformation pathways for nitrogen. These changes then impact the worldwide cycles of greenhouse gases like nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide. Timely discoveries provide us with excellent chances to comprehend and better anticipate human influences on nitrogen biogeochemistry in the evolving ocean.
Jung, M., Arnell, A., De Lamo, X., García-Rangel, S., Lewis, M., Mark, J., … & Visconti, P. (2021). Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon, and water. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 5(11), 1499-1509.
The international community needs clarification on how these goals may be operationalized geographically and how several targets can be pursued simultaneously to accomplish the challenging goals of the biodiversity and climate agreements. The publication’s authors report the findings of a combined optimization that reduces the number of vulnerable species, increases carbon sequestration and water quality management and prioritizes international terrestrial conservation (Jung et al., 2021). They demonstrate that in addition to achieving conservation goals for all species considered, choosing the top-ranked terrestrial land region would preserve a more significant proportion of the projected total carbon stock and that of all clean water. According to the researchers’ data and prioritizing, the additional terrestrial land area would need to be given conservation attention to effectively conserve all species of plants and animals. According to the publication, controlling the best-located land area for conservation may be adequate to achieve the conservation goals of the terrestrial plants and animal species under consideration (Jung et al., 2021). The findings reported in the article provide a worldwide evaluation of the areas where land may be best managed for conservation.
Frishkoff, L. O., Ke, A., Martins, I. S., Olimpi, E. M., & Karp, D. S. (2019). Countryside biogeography: the controls of species distributions in human-dominated landscapes. Current Landscape Ecology Reports, 4(2), 15–30.
Since Biogeography involves studying how various animals are distributed in the environment, the articles relate the progress that has been made in this area of study. The authors point out that paying closer attention to the climatological and regional context of rural landscapes has revealed that species that associate with human-modified ecosystems within landscapes typically occur primarily in warm biomes at regional levels and that species that solely depend on human-modified habitat types in wet regions may be constrained to wild populations in the warm region (Frishkoff et al., 2019). From the findings, we can learn that To protect the natural world and get the possible advantage from ecosystem services for people, it is essential to establish the most effective means by which biodiversity may be maintained within landscapes. Future research in rural biogeography has to focus on determining how land-use changes interact with other global stresses. Find out how factors such as extinction debt and demographic sinks affect diversity, estimate the cascading consequences of community changes on ecological services, and provide light on the evolutionary development and species origin that now reside in rural areas (Frishkoff et al., 2019).
Münkemüller, T., De Bello, F., Meynard, C. N., Gravel, D., Lavergne, S., Mouillot, D., … & Thuiller, W. (2012). From diversity indices to community assembly processes: a test with simulated data. Ecography, 35(5), 468-480.
When attempting to infer assembly processes based on observable distributions of diversity indices, it is becoming more standard practice to combine the analysis of diversity patterns. The purpose of the study was to decide with simulated data which aspects of biodiversity if any, may unravel the processes driving its spatial characteristics (Münkemüller et al., 2012). Additionally, the study aimed to determine which aspects of biodiversity may unravel the processes driving its temporal patterns. The research was conducted using a spatially explicit individual-based system with differing predetermined assembly processes. The model was used to simulate species assemblages that form under different landscape configurations.
The research focuses on four assembly processes: the mass effect, neutral dynamics, species-sorting, and competition colonization trade-off. It also investigates the dispersion of emerging species using a variety of diversity indices measured at various scales. Only when many kinds of indices are combined, do the results of this research lend credence to the idea that assembly processes may be deduced from patterns of variety (Münkemüller et al., 2012). The researchers illustrate how combining various indicators might help disentangle the complicated matter of integration; it also highlights the necessity to combine these diversity indices.
Wang, Y., Millien, V., & Ding, P. (2016). On empty islands and the small‐island effect. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25(11), 1333-1345.
Wang et al. (2016) wanted to investigate the frequency of empty islands and the underlying variables that play a part in defining empty islands’ function in forming SIEs. The researcher used 278 data types that were sourced from different empty islands around the world. The researchers used logarithmic models to help determine the roles of the empty islands in the generation of the small island effect (Wang et al., 2016). The researchers used a theoretical method to discover which combination of island features was crucial in defining the function of empty islands in creating SIEs. They did this by analyzing the relationships between the various characteristics of the islands. Among the datasets presented, the researchers pointed out that The researchers found that the number of empty islands, the empty island’s areas, and the ratio were critical factors that dictated the role that empty islands had in the generation of SIEs (Wang et al., 2016). The research informs us that there is a significant correlation between the presence of empty islands and the formation of SIEs. Our findings lead us to the conclusion that future research should not disregard the possibility of empty islands when attempting to detect SIEs reliably.
References
Baird, H. P., Janion‐Scheepers, C., Stevens, M. I., Leihy, R. I., & Chown, S. L. (2019). The ecological biogeography of indigenous and introduced Antarctic springtails. Journal of Biogeography, 46(9), 1959-1973.
Frishkoff, L. O., Ke, A., Martins, I. S., Olimpi, E. M., & Karp, D. S. (2019). Countryside biogeography: the controls of species distributions in human-dominated landscapes. Current Landscape Ecology Reports, 4(2), 15–30.
Hutchins, D. A., & Capone, D. G. (2022). The marine nitrogen cycle: new developments and global change. Nature Reviews Microbiology, pp. 1–14.
Jung, M., Arnell, A., De Lamo, X., García-Rangel, S., Lewis, M., Mark, J., … & Visconti, P. (2021). Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon, and water. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 5(11), 1499-1509.
Liu, Y., Fu, B., Wang, S., & Zhao, W. (2018). Global ecological regionalization: from biogeography to ecosystem services. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, pp. 33, 1–8.
Münkemüller, T., De Bello, F., Meynard, C. N., Gravel, D., Lavergne, S., Mouillot, D., … & Thuiller, W. (2012). From diversity indices to community assembly processes: a test with simulated data. Ecography, 35(5), 468-480.
Schrodt, F., Santos, M. J., Bailey, J. J., & Field, R. (2019). Challenges and opportunities for biogeography—What can we still learn from von Humboldt? Journal of Biogeography, 46(8), 1631–1642.
Torres, A. V., Tiwari, C., & Atkinson, S. F. (2021). Progress in ecosystem services research: A guide for scholars and practitioners. Ecosystem Services, p. 49, 101267.
Wang, Y., Millien, V., & Ding, P. (2016). On empty islands and the small‐island effect. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 25(11), 1333-1345.
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