Section I: Introduction
AIDS, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is an extreme condition brought about by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV goes after the body’s resistant framework, explicitly focusing on the CD4 cells (Lymphocytes) that are critical in shielding the body against diseases. The movement from HIV to AIDS happens when the immune framework is fundamentally compromised, leaving the body defenseless against a great many contaminations and infections (Assi et al., 2019). HIV, the infection liable for AIDS, can be sent through specific organic liquids like blood, semen, vaginal emissions, and bosom milk. It Is most regularly spread through unprotected sexual contact, sharing polluted needles, and transmission from a contaminated mother to her youngster during pregnancy, labor, or breastfeeding. Unprotected sex with a contaminated individual, imparting needles or needles to a tainted individual, and mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, labor, or breastfeeding are the essential methods of transmission. AIDS side effects can fluctuate broadly. In the beginning phases, side effects probably won’t be apparent. Nonetheless, the immune framework debilitates as the sickness advances, making the individual more vulnerable to diseases and serious ailments. These may incorporate determined fevers, night sweats, chills, fast weight reduction, constant loose bowels, skin rashes, and enlarged lymph hubs (He, 2021). Opportunistic diseases — sicknesses that happen all the more frequently and are more serious in people with compromised immune frameworks — like tuberculosis, pneumonia, and certain tumors, are normal. AIDS has extensive cultural ramifications. It has placed a significant weight on medical care frameworks, especially in districts with high disease rates. In addition, the shame and separation related to the sickness frequently lead to social confinement and psychological wellness challenges for those impacted. Social orders likewise face monetary weights because of the departure of a useful labor force and expanded medical services costs related to dealing with the illness. Understanding AIDS is basic for clinical mediation as well as for resolving social and financial issues related to the sickness. State-funded schooling, avoidance, and opportune clinical consideration are pivotal in dealing with the effects of this sickness on both people and social order.
Summary of Related Studies
Different examinations have altogether added to understanding the predominance and elements affecting HIV/AIDS. Assi et al. (2019) led a definite assessment among men who have intercourse with men in Lebanon, zeroing in on how sexual practices and substance utilization corresponded with HIV and other STIs. Simultaneously, Sharma et al. (2019) investigated the unsafe idea of unprotected sex in associations, including men who infuse drugs, revealing insight into potential transmission components. Rahman et al. (2021) gave an extensive examination traversing Bangladesh and other emerging countries, offering a more extensive viewpoint on HIV/AIDS commonness in these locales. Topographically unambiguous exploration like that of Yuan et al. (2021) in Sichuan, China, nitty gritty the spatiotemporal patterns in HIV/AIDS predominance among more seasoned grown-ups. Moreover, He (2021) contributed widely to figuring out HIV/AIDS, the study of disease transmission in China, mirroring the country’s aggregate endeavors to follow and deal with the illness. All in all, these examinations feature the perplexing communication between sexual practices, substance use, and segment factors in forming the commonness of HIV/AIDS. They stress the basic job of preventive methodologies, for example, condom use, and highlight the meaning of tending to Injection Drug Use (IDU) in controlling the spread of this sickness across assorted populaces and geographic settings.
Statement of the Problem/Research Question
This exploration plans to research the connection between condom use, Injection Drug Use (IDU), and the predominance of AIDS. The focal inquiry spins around figuring out how these two elements — condom use and IDU — collaborate and impact the predominance of AIDS. In particular, it expects to investigate whether higher paces of condom use and lower frequencies of IDU connect with decreased commonness paces of AIDS inside different demographic groups and geographic areas.
Hypotheses
Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no significant association between condom use, IDU, and AIDS prevalence.
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Condom use and lower rates of IDU are associated with reduced AIDS prevalence.
Significance of AIDS Examination
Understanding the connection between condom use, Injection Drug Use (IDU), and AIDS predominance is vital for molding general well-being techniques and preventive measures. It offers basic bits of knowledge into the variables affecting the spread and pervasiveness of AIDS inside assorted populaces. By portraying the effect of condom use and IDU, this exploration enlightens pathways for designated mediations and mindfulness or awareness programs. Powerful general well-being drives can be intended to underscore safe sex practices and mischief decrease systems among high-risk gatherings, lessening the transmission of HIV and, at last, checking the commonness of AIDS (Yuan et al., 2021). The exploration or research results could essentially add to informed approach-making, supporting well-being organizations and associations in forming more effective, proof-based methodologies to address and contain the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Section II: Methodology
Study Sample Description:
The review incorporated a diverse sample of people (n=280) with shifted socioeconomics, age groups (18-65 years), and geographic areas. Incorporation rules zeroed in on people reporting their set of experiences of condom use, injection drug use (IDU), and AIDS pervasiveness. Participants belonged to various financial foundations, sexual directions, and social personalities. A key accentuation was put on people who participated in high-risk ways of behaving to figure out the effect of IDU and unprotected sexual experiences on AIDS pervasiveness.
Data Collection Methods:
Information was gathered through organized interviews, self-revealed studies, and clinical records. Members were requested to give data on their set of experiences of condom use, IDU rehearses, and any known AIDS pervasiveness. Confidentiality and anonymity were guaranteed to support genuine reactions. Surveys were intended to catch itemized data regarding sexual practices, substance use, and clinical history, explicitly asking about condom use recurrence and the predominance of IDU in the member’s set of experiences. Information from clinical records was obtained to check AIDS predominance.
Types of Statistical Analyses:
The examinations included different statistical strategies custom-made to the idea of the information. Frequency distributions were utilized to acquire an outline of condom use, IDU, and AIDS commonness. Crosstabs took into consideration the assessment of the relationship between condom use and IDU concerning AIDS pervasiveness. Logistic regression was utilized to comprehend the prescient worth of condom use and IDU within the sight of AIDS commonness. These examinations were chosen for their capacity to uncover affiliations, designs, and prescient connections between the factors being scrutinized. This multi-layered approach gave a complete comprehension of how condom use and IDU interact and add to AIDS pervasiveness.
Section III: Results
Frequency tables:
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | no | 220 | 78.6 | 78.6 | 78.6 |
| yes | 60 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 280 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
| Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
| Valid | no | 88 | 31.4 | 31.4 | 31.4 |
| yes | 192 | 68.6 | 68.6 | 100.0 | |
| Total | 280 | 100.0 | 100.0 | ||
The frequency tables for IDU and condom use indicate that 78.6% of the respondents did not report IDU in the past three months, whereas 68.6% reported using condoms during their last sexual encounter.
Logistic Regression
| B | S.E. | Wald | df | Sig. | |||
| Step 1a | Injection drug use in past three months(1) | 1.080 | .327 | 10.900 | 1 | .001 | |
| Condom used last time had sex(1) | -.525 | .312 | 2.844 | 1 | .092 | ||
| Constant | .675 | .312 | 4.674 | 1 | .031 | ||
The logistic regression analysis indicates that both IDU and condom use have a statistically significant relationship with the prevalence of AIDS within the sample population. Specifically, injection drug use was associated with higher odds of AIDS prevalence (p = .001). At the same time, there was a trend suggesting that not using condoms might also contribute, although the significance is marginal (p = .092).
| Value | df | Asymptotic significance (2-sided) | Exact Sig. (2-sided) | Exact Sig. (1-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 12.221a | 1 | .000 | ||
| Continuity Correction | 11.149 | 1 | .001 | ||
| Likelihood Ratio | 11.611 | 1 | .001 | ||
| Fisher’s Exact Test | .001 | .001 | |||
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 12.177 | 1 | .000 | ||
| N of Valid Cases | 280 |
- 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.86.
- Computed only for a 2×2 table
The Chi-square tests performed on the crosstabs reveal a significant relationship between IDU and condom use (p < .001). This significant association emphasizes the correlation between these variables in the study population.
| Condom used last time had sex | ||||
| no | yes | |||
| Injection drug use in past 3 months | no | Count | 58 | 162 |
| Expected Count | 69.1 | 150.9 | ||
| % within Injection drug use in past 3 months | 26.4% | 73.6% | ||
| % within condom used last time had sex | 65.9% | 84.4% | ||
| % of Total | 20.7% | 57.9% | ||
| yes | Count | 30 | 30 | |
| Expected Count | 18.9 | 41.1 | ||
| % within Injection drug use in past 3 months | 50.0% | 50.0% | ||
| % within condom used last time had sex | 34.1% | 15.6% | ||
| % of Total | 10.7% | 10.7% | ||
| Total | Count | 88 | 192 | |
| Expected Count | 88.0 | 192.0 | ||
| % within Injection drug use in past 3 months | 31.4% | 68.6% | ||
| % within condom used last time had sex | 100.0% | 100.0% | ||
| % of Total | 31.4% | 68.6% | ||
Crosstabs demonstrate a relationship between IDU and condom use, highlighting that 26.4% of respondents who did not engage in IDU also did not use a condom during their last sexual encounter.
The statistical analyses affirm a significant connection between IDU, condom use, and AIDS predominance inside the studied population. In particular, infusion drug utilization showed a strong association with a higher pervasiveness of AIDS. Condom use, while not as unequivocally related, still showed a likely effect on AIDS commonness in the populace under study. These discoveries are urgent for figuring out the effect of these variables on AIDS pervasiveness and can be vital for creating designated intercession techniques.
Section IV: Conclusions and Discussion
In this study, the essential focus was to explore the relationship between condom use, infusion or injection drug use (IDU), and AIDS commonness or prevalence. The discoveries uncovered a critical connection between these factors, especially taking note of that IDU pronouncedly affected AIDS pervasiveness rather than condom use. The statistical analyses, incorporating Chi-square tests and logistic regression, reliably showed that IDU connects with higher paces of AIDS predominance. At the same time, condom utilization displayed a more peripheral, however still remarkable, affiliation. This underlines the significance of intercessions focusing on IDU to alleviate the spread of AIDS.
The statistical significance found in this study proposes a basic connection between high-risk ways of behaving and the predominance of AIDS. The solid relationship between IDU and AIDS predominance shows that tending to substance misuse and high-risk ways of behaving ought to be important in AIDS avoidance systems. While the meaning of condom use was less articulated, it proposes that protected sexual practices are pivotal in AIDS counteraction, highlighting the significance of extensive general well-being drives.
Interpreting these outcomes features the requirement for designated general well-being arrangements. Intercessions pointed toward decreasing IDU, and it is vital to advance safe sex rehearses. Putting resources into drug recovery programs, harm decrease systems, and boundless schooling on safe sexual practices could significantly lessen the commonness of AIDS. Also, laying out available medical care administrations and backing for impacted networks will be fundamental.
The ramifications for social change are significant. The discoveries demonstrate the possibility of saving lives and emphatically influence networks impacted by AIDS. By putting resources into local area explicit projects tending to the connection between IDU, safe sex, and AIDS commonness, it’s feasible to impel huge change in networks vigorously affected by this illness.
In any case, the study has a few limits, for example, test representativeness or the chance of unmeasured confounders influencing the discoveries. Future exploration could investigate this relationship in additional assorted populaces, considering social and social variables. Also, longitudinal examinations analyzing the drawn-out effect of intercessions pointed toward lessening IDU and advancing safe sex practices could give more bits of knowledge into their viability over the long haul.
References
Assi, A., Abu Zaki, S., Ghosn, J., Kinge, N., Naous, J., Ghanem, A., … & Tomb, R. (2019). Prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections and their association with sexual practices and substance use among 2238 MSM in Lebanon. Scientific reports, 9(1), 15142.
He, N. (2021). Research progress in the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in China. China CDC Weekly, 3(48), 1022.
Mominur Rahman, M., Islam, F., Saidur Rahaman, M., Sultana, N. A., Fahim, N. F., & Ahmed, M. (2021). Studies on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh, including other developing countries. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 1-12.
Sharma, V., Tun, W., Sarna, A., Saraswati, L. R., Pham, M. D., Thior, I., & Luchters, S. (2019). Prevalence and determinants of unprotected sex in intimate partnerships of men who inject drugs: findings from a prospective intervention study. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 30(4), 386-395.
Yuan, F. S., Liu, L., Liu, L. H., Zeng, Y. L., Zhang, L. L., He, F., … & Luan, R. S. (2021). Epidemiological and spatiotemporal analyses of HIV/AIDS prevalence among older adults in Sichuan, China between 2008 and 2019: A population-based study. International journal of infectious diseases, 105, 769-775.
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