Globalization and its Causes
The phrase “globalization” involves the increasing interconnectivity of the global markets, societies, and people due to technology, trans commerce in commodities and usefulness, and flows of money, toil, and technology. For years, governments have developed economic partnerships to sustain these initiatives (Jahangir et al., 2021). Nonetheless, the term evolved more commonly behind the Cold war in the 1990s regarding how these cooperative structures impacted everyday life.
Globalization a Democratic Process
Given that it represents a social revolution toward establishing a universal institutional structure of democracy, globalization can be viewed as a democratic system. The globalization of democracy from regionally distinct nation governments to a form of universal government encompasses the entire planet. Wang et al. (2018) argue that one idea for globalization is the direct voting of world leaders and representatives to international bodies by citizens everywhere. This idea involves expanding globalization and bringing people together, which is different from global trade, which brings people together and provides protection (Flew., 2020). Additionally, it grants democratic transparency and a voice in all worldwide expansion to all people on the planet. For instance, popular democracy of Members of the united nations and presidential voting by people for the organization’s Secretary-General.
Global Civil Society and Theories
Global civil society often refers to informal networks involving activists, citizens, and nonprofit organizations like Humanitarian Groups, Ecology movements, and the World Trade Organization. International Civil society theories include; liberalism, Social capital, multiculturalism, and cosmopolitan ideas.
Liberal views emphasize the characteristics of civil society that promote liberty. The emergence of a wide array of individuals and groups separate from the government is linked to the fundamental tenet that people should be free to select and achieve their unique life goals (Flew., 2020). These associations provide platforms for people to express and accomplish various identities, activities, and ambitions.
The chronological and political context of the collapse in community vigor in old, Democratic countries, particularly in the US, and potential adverse effects on democracy have significantly influenced social network theory. Wang et al. (2018) deduce that this theory of civilized society, which exhibits some parallels with the republican school of political science, postulates a tension between the search for self-selected goals and the stable and harmonious organization of general issues.
Diverse ascriptive organizations and system that affects are targeted by multicultural ideas, including ethnic and religious minority, like Muslims in Western cultures, territorial states groups, like Canadian Québécois, and indigenous groups (Jahangir et al., 2021). In handling the public sphere, they prefer institutions such as churches that allow for the following and social interaction, as well as institutions meant to organize and represent various cultural and religious communities in the more significant political state.
Cosmopolitan ideologies offer a highly compelling, in-depth understanding of politics and the concerns overlooked globally. Jahangir et al. (2021) explain that they reject economic entities like multinational businesses, investment firms, and industry advocacy groups in favor of focusing on interests and constituents like the environment and the underprivileged.
Spread of Political Democracy
Political democracy has spread worldwide due to; political culture, market economies, and failures of non-democratic systems.
Failures of Non- Democratic Systems
All of the meaningful choices for democracy, regardless of their ancient or contemporary sources, sorrowed political, economic, prudent, and even armed lapses that significantly reduced their appeal.
Market Economies
Economic structure transformation went in hand with these academic and institutional developments. Elected elites could utilize their comfortable pass to the finances with strong central scrimpings to pay their supporters and discipline their detractors (Gumbrel et al., 2018). These institutions were superseded by better decentralized unrestricted markets, reducing top official statistics’ power and responsibility.
Political Culture
While some nations experienced severe diplomatic, geopolitical, industrial, or political crises during the twentieth century, others did not, as was the case during the initial period of the Great Depression. A tradition of broadly held democratic ideals and values within those societies accounts partly for the persistence of democratic systems in such nations (Gumbrel et al., 2019). Such views are ingrained in people’s ideas of themselves, their nation, and the world because they are learned early in life from prior eras.
Neoliberal Globalization and Its impacts on Democracy and World Inequality
Neoliberalism globalization is the phrase used to explain how an economic system that emphasizes “crony capitalism” and “free markets” has extended worldwide by diminishing government expenditure—also reducing government interference, commercialization of government-owned businesses, and removing obstacles to foreign investment and commerce (Gumbrel et al., 2019). Neoliberal globalization impacts democracy as the people of a nation are not given opportunities to choose who should come and invest in their country, which leads to the exploitation of their rights. However, Neoglobalization promotes inequality worldwide as the poor who lack resources to sustain themselves are left without help, becoming poorer while the rich become more prosperous.
Positive and Negative Aspects of Globalization
Positive Effects
Once multinationals purchase local goods and services, they contribute foreign exchange to scrimpings. Blending people and civilizations in different regions of the globe allow for the sale of ideas and modes of life, resulting in a wide artistic variety. Clients profit from a broader preference for services and products at lower prices (Gumbrel et al., 2019).
Individuals are better equipped to cooperate to address global concerns like soil erosion and climate change due to globalization. Governors can unite to address international concerns or react to natural disasters.
Negative Effects
Most of the time, globalization suits the needs of the wealthiest nations, which control the bulk of international commerce. Jahangir et al. ( 2021) argue that regional corporations may be compelled out of the company by giant companies, sometimes more significant than the authorities of the countries where they fund.
Globalization threatens provincial trades and tongues and completes the globe more equal to conform to the western model, threatening the world’s artistic variety.
Some governments assume they stand by giving up their independence and losing influence over important issues (Gumbrel et al., 2019). The global movement of individuals can lead to ideological conflict and social unrest.
The enterprise could start to thrive in NICs at the cost of employment in manufacturing in high-income governments. Deindustrialization is the phrase used to define the collapse of old enterprises in HICs (Jahangir et al., 2021). Globalization is an influential patron to the approach.
Democracy will make globalization more ideal when people can choose the kind of cultures they want from those they do not wish to have. People must be allowed to retain their cultures, and respect for other cultures is acknowledged (Rodrik., 2021). There needs not to be a dominant culture; people but all need to be allowed to participate.
References
Jahanger, A., Usman, M., & Balsalobre‐Lorente, D. (2021). Autocracy, democracy, globalization, and environmental pollution in developing world: fresh evidence from STIRPAT model. Journal of Public Affairs, e2753. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pa.2753
Wang, N., Zhu, H., Guo, Y., & Peng, C. (2018). The heterogeneous effect of democracy, political globalization, and urbanization on PM2. 5 concentrations in G20 countries: Evidence from panel quantile regression. Journal of cleaner production, pp. 194, 54–68. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652618314288
Flew, T. (2020). Globalization, neo-globalization, and post-globalization: The challenge of populism and the return of the national. Global Media and Communication, 16(1), 19–39. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1742766519900329
Rodrik, D. (2021). Why does globalization fuel populism? Economics, culture, and the rise of right-wing populism. Annual Review of Economics, pp. 13, 133–170. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-economics-070220-032416
Gumbrell-McCormick, R., & Hyman, R. (2019). Democracy in trade unions, democracy through trade unions? Economic and Industrial Democracy, 40(1), 91–110. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0143831X18780327
write