Executive Summary
Background of the study
Unsafe injection practices are the central concern of healthcare organizations that continuously improve the quality and services to develop a high standard of care for the patient and monitor the entire clinical process and procedure to maintain safety across the organization. The study focuses on global healthcare quality and safety performance and its development to offer protection and healthcare to become the safest and most secure healthcare system globally.
Purpose and scope
The study aims to analyze healthcare governance and the risk management system successfully. There are two sections in this assignment. Where the first section covers the main body, which is the literature review part that successfully analysis the problem of the unsafe injection practices of the health care system and collected information from journals, books, and articles for the policies and framework
The second part of the assignment successfully analyses the evidence-based reflection focus on the Lewisham hospital in the UK Risk management in the dental sector.
Method
For this research study, the researcher has utilized mixed research methods tools ( qualitative and quantitative) data from Google Scholars, journals, social media platforms, and textbooks to analyze the Key points in the health care system successfully.
Conclusion
Finally, the researcher has concluded a topic to analyze the global healthcare system’s patient safety and healthcare development programs. The health care organizations are collecting information and understanding real-time data to make effective decisions for developing healthcare organizations.
Task 1
1. Introduction
Better governance and patient safety are more important and effective strategies in the global healthcare sector. Healthcare organizations seek better financial stability, patient care, and setting and implementing best practices to learn risk management. Healthcare governance and risk mitigation are becoming a significant concern in developing countries because health workers are not adequately aware of using effective methods to prevent disease. As per Lucas et al. (2022), risk governance and the patient safety approach adopt a systematic approach to embrace good strategy and a framework to improve the quality of patient care and mitigate the risk by developing patient safety standards, quality services, and sustainability.’Unsafe injection practices’ Developing the health care personal risk.
2. Main Body (Literature Review)
Existing policy and practice frameworks
Policy and practice frameworks in the healthcare system
Source (Wong et al., 2022)
Policy and practices frameworks are the most important in the healthcare system that monitors the set of ideas and principles to handle the situation and make effective decisions at the advert condition. According to Albano et al. (2022), the group of people, business leaders, are political parties successfully developed the organizational strategies to maintain the healthcare system and the structure to successfully handle the Healthcare Industries to provide patient safety and better treatment. In recent years unsafe injection practices are becoming a primary concern in healthcare organizations. Global Health organizations are trying to prevent unsafe injection practices and developing strategies to boost safe injection practices by taking standard precautions to provide patient safety. As per the World Health Organisation (WHO), safe medical practices. The proper medical system is not to harm the patient because these are part of the medical treatment. Still, safe healthcare practices prevent many diseases and keep patients and personnel safe and secure.
As per Slawomirski & Klazinga (222), the health policy system research framework is the most critical and effective policy cycle at continuously focusing on the health care improvement and mitigating the issues to successfully learn the practical elements in factors to prevent the policies, rules, and regulations for better treatment policies and safety of the patient. The health policy’s main objective is to develop the political process to maintain the health system and make effective decisions. Global Healthcare system developing the policies and framework to manage the business successfully functions to establish the Global Health standard to provide high-quality care.
According to Zahry et al. (2022), the existing policies of the Global Health Care centers are practicing safe clinical strategies and evaluating and enhancing the framework to focus on safer injection practices. The policy and the health care strategy continually develop its framework that is categorized the clinical demand with the better uses of the resources and develops the educational and training programs. Choudhury (2022) states that public instruction is another area where the worldwide epidemic reaction is relevant. While simultaneously minimizing the visibility of news from suspicious origins, digital platforms of soundness departments and national mechanisms leverage the Internet to make it possible for rapid interaction and teaching of several people through the timely communication of delegated and targeted health data about untrustworthy sources.
As per Puaschunder & Gelter (2022), the policy and framework analyze the medical practitioners to get suspended if they got guilty as to the professional standards.
According to Haroon et al. (2022), the policy and framework successfully analyze the equality and diversity policies in healthcare organizations to provide the knowledge and understanding to the managers to analyze racial discrimination. Healthcare organizations have to successfully manage equality as a diversity in the healthcare organization to manage work ethics and mitigate discrimination at the workplace.
Accountability and performance
As per Cousins et al. (2022), the healthcare system becomes accountable for successfully handling the roles and responsibilities in the organization to choices and performance. The laws, regulations, and guidelines are the essential policies and responsibilities that make the healthcare organization accountable for delivering safe injection practices to patients and monitoring their health and security issues.
According to Winter & Davidson (2022), establishing an unambiguous duty through precise targets and goals, assigning these orders to qualified providers or associations, and developing motivations to promote responsibility improvement presents numerous challenges for responsibility controls in healthcare systems. The objectives call for a wide range of competencies and understanding on the part of controlling bodies and providers and the ability to work together to modify care and favors. These objectives are related to the complicated function of presentation (integration of care, treating multi-morbidity chronic diseases, enhancing inhabitants’ fitness). Apart from the challenges, the Global Health Institutions are taking the appropriate action to improve the health system to focus on taking safe actions to the injection practice and complete filling the systemative research to mitigate the issues. The unsafe injection practices need to develop policies to fulfill the safety requirements. For example, the NHS of the UK successfully analyzes healthcare corporate governance to deliver better services. The board of directors, the government, and the policy regulators continuously focus on the strategy.
As per Brazil et al. (2022), healthcare organizations are becoming accountable for practicing safe medical practices to stop transmitting infectious diseases from one person to another. The rules and regulations are creating awareness in the organization, so the medical practices are getting aware of while preparing injections and medicines.
According to Ferorelli et al. (2022), the healthcare department needs to develop a responsive framework and facilitate the treatment procedure to manage the ethical and professional values code of conduct and successfully develop the skills and confidence to provide safe and secure injections to the patients during the treatment. For example, the UK manages the dental health care system effectively and changes the syringe and needle while giving the anesthesia to the patient.
Risk management
Risk management is the most critical and effective strategy of health care organizations to boost medical facilities and must practice safe and secure treatment to benefit the patient during the treatment. That is why professionals guide medical practices to change structure to get maximum benefit. Unsafe medical practices have become a significant concern for healthcare industries. As per De Micco et al. (2022), Risk management in the Healthcare industry is the most critical and effective administrative process to successfully analyze healthcare organizations’ problems and issues and monitor the risk management process.
Ishikawa diagram
Source (Harolds, 2022)
As per Singhania & Saini (2022), risk management in the Healthcare organization effectively focuses on strategies that include risk identification, categorization, risk assessment, and risk control by successfully analyzing the Ishikawa diagram to identify the health hazards. The diagram supports analyzing the potential risk identification process in health consultations to take significant actions to prevent unsafe injection practices to support the people and bring a better governance system to deliver safe medical practices to the patient to prevent disease. The diagram helps the health care institution to develop better risk management procedures to bring positive outcomes and prevent risk by practicing safe Injection.
Risk communication- It supports the health care institution to exchange real-time information, advice, and the opinion of the expert to handle the threat and manage social well-being successfully. Healthcare organizations are developing technical expertise, a better governance system for unsafe practices, and better training and educational programs to guide people and medical practitioners about safe medical practices to prevent diseases and promote health facilities. For example, the NHS of the UK successfully represented the strict guideline for data stewardship and transparency.
As per Lu et al. (2022), the Ishikawa diagram is the fishbone diagram. Each bone and ribs represent the issues and quality control measures to the health and industries to analyze risk management practices successfully.
Workforce- The training, skills of the trained employees, and experience in medical practices are needed to successfully analyze the safe injection practices to prevent disease and health hazards.
Machines- The health and industry must upgrade the system to incorporate better technology to create awareness.
Materials- Medical practitioners must use high-quality products and materials for patient safety and security.
Measurement– The healthcare industries adopt a better measurement and control system that is accurate and correct for patient safety.
Mother nature- The healthy industry must take safety measures while practicing the injections, ensure the patient’s security, and save practices for better treatment.
Method- Finally, the fish one diagram successfully analyses the efficient methods necessary to provide safe and secure injections to the patient to prevent the disease and promote health facilities.
Audit and evaluation
As per Looi et al. (2022), the Global Healthcare industries successfully analyzed the safety measures to provide patients with good treatment and as well as also defined the effectiveness to achieve a positive outcome in the Health Organisation. To fulfill the business objectives of the Health Care industry, the organization is auditing the current practices standard to reduce the gap and promote safe injection practices to achieve the health care objectives. The doctors are advised to take part in the regular and systematic audit system and take regular reviews on individual performance by growing the knowledge skills to offer better treatment to the patient.
According to Duncan et al. (2022), some tools are used to improve performance to achieve success and growth in the Health care market and to benchmark the efficiencies and performance. For example, the NHS of the UK successfully developed quality and performance improvement. The researcher has used the Ishikawa diagram to improve the services.
Information management tools and practices
It is a group of procedures for setting up medical information that can be used to raise the standard of treatment. It strives to provide excellent standards and reliability of the appropriate healthiness information while making it available whenever needed. For example, the NHS strategies that manage data connected to the operations of physicians and healthcare organizations are likewise included in the category of health knowledge systems. These could be used in concert to impact research, enhance forbearing outcomes, and improve policy and decision-making. Security is a top priority since health systems for knowledge frequently access, handle, or keep significant importance of sensitive data. Healthcare establishments always pursue innovative methods to enhance patient outcomes and build production facilities. All patient documents are digitally stored, giving medical personnel rapid access and enhancing doctor-patient exchanges, changing how healthcare facilities operate. Medical industries are dedicated to ensuring that your hospital’s mobile computer carts are reliable and operative so the doctors can meet the patient’s needs. Modern technology is built to bring effective outcomes.
According to the ‘Information Commissioner Office (ICO), which developed strategies to understand the database in the healthcare industry to develop the framework to protect public information and successfully analyze the General data protection regulation (GDPR), the primary concern of information management.
Healthcare organizations are implementing advanced technology as well as evaluating information technology barriers. The significant barrier related to the sector is its implemented cost. The organization must use advanced technology to provide better services and manage privacy. Health Institutions need to develop strong passwords to mitigate fraud and abuse and cyber criminals to stop stealing data. A healthcare facility’s data collection and storage are managed by a ‘health information system’ (HIS). This includes healthcare facilities, discrete and governmental sanitariums, and doctor’s offices. These structures assemble, store, manipulate, and transmit electronic medical records for patients. Using the most recent patient data available, digital health systems enhance patient care. Any employed health notification procedure must guarantee the accuracy of the data congregated and patient confidentiality because patient data is highly confidential. In addition to specific client care, patient data may also be used for medical research, data for forming public policy, earnings cycle examination, and determination-making inside. Health contact systems frequently assess, strategy, or store large the importance of peaceful patient data. Cybersecurity of computing is, therefore, essential. Health Care Organisation is maximizing growth and success by implementing advanced tools and techniques to offer people safe, secure treatment and analyzing the data to successfully manage the information to recognize the better places in the health Marketplace.
‘Paper patient records’ are replaced by ‘EMR and ‘electronic health record (EHR) systems .’Each patient’s medical data is gathered and saved electronically. Records such as these cover a patient’s medical history, test outcomes, visits to physicians and specialists, and medical interventions.
Many medical establishments store personal information in the cloud for excellent protection. Critical Access Hospitals struggle with simple EHR methods because this power is unbelievablesible.
Task 2
A reflective account (Unsafe injection practices Tanzania))
What types of risks are involved in the chosen practice?
The Healthcare industries in Tanzania successfully understand the safe injection practices to create awareness about preventing bloodborne diseases such as Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV/AIDS. This type of disease is transmitted by using the same needles or unsafe injection practices and reusing the injection equipment repeatedly. Various risks associated with unsafe injection practices directly generate many issues. The unsafe injection practices differ in various countries because it depends on various factors where the resources are minimal. Mainly developing countries are facing problems and practices.
After analyzing the health issues of the people, I will be analyzing the reflective Account by successfully implementing the PESTEL analysis in the sector to analyze the risk and issues in the safe injection practices in Tanzania as well as discuss its different elements that are recognized as the political, economical, social, technology, and environmental. As per Pachuau et al. (2022), pestle analysis is the most critical infective tool that supports me in analyzing the risk assessment and the support to analyze external events and trends that affect business operations and performance.
Political risk- This successfully evaluates the government policies and methods in preventing unsafe injection practices in the country and supports the health industries to successfully help people recover from diseases and create an awareness program to make people learn practical elements and factors about health-related issues. Apart from these rules and regulations, there are many issues in the sector because the government has failed to properly plan and project its strategies in healthcare development. According to Harvey et al. (2022), rural healthcare organizations fail to recognize the side effect of using the same needles or syringes during the treatment and not practicing the safety protocols. It is the government’s responsibility to successfully change healthcare laws and regulations and analyze the requirements for patient safety to fulfill the people’s demands and create as much awareness by developing health education programs.
Economic risk factor- As per Hrycko et al. (2022), lack of awareness and education is the major problem of the people that influence unsafe injection practices in the healthcare industry and transmit various diseases that put people and personal health at risk. Poverty is another major issue in the sector where the people are not getting the proper education and knowledge to understand this type of practice and putting their lives at risk. Apart from this, Ireland’s health care budget allocations that match the people’s demands and fulfill their needs are inappropriate. Healthcare industries must understand unsafe injection practices and the risk and focus on safe medical practices by using new needles or syringes whenever they treat a patient. The poor people in rural areas are unaware of this problem, so they run to the local health centers when they get any medical treatment or face any medical issues. They get affected with various blood born diseases by these unsafe Injection practices.
Social risk factor- According to Sebastian et al. (2022), due to the lack of education and knowledge about injections, ordinary people are getting trouble suffering various diseases by taking injections from contaminated needles. Healthcare Industries need to focus on this significant problem. People must understand the problem of unsafe injection practices and use new syringes or needles when they need medical treatment or Injection.
Technological risk- The government provides the country’s sectors with better healthcare facilities. Still, there is a considerable gap between the urban and the rural areas in incorporating technology. The poor people are not getting the facilities of the television news or magazines to understand the healthcare strategies and the awareness about the government’s healthcare programs; that is why they are getting significant issues about unsafe injection practices.
As per Beers (2022), the lack of advanced technology in the health industry is becoming a significant concern because they do not understand the advanced treatment procedures and face issues in delivering better treatment facilities to the patient. The poor people in rural areas have not gotten the proper treatment or the advanced technology facilities, so they have to face problems taking the injections.
Legal Risk- Legal risk is more similar to political risk where the people are not aware of the government rules and policies, and as well as the government also fails to create awareness programs among the people to understand medical practices in the country to generate ethical practices and the better treatment facilities to mitigate the issues.
Environmental Risk- As per Jewell (2022), the disease outbreak or the pandemic has created a significant problem in the country. Poor medical practices or unsafe injection practices created 40% of the medical issues among the patients, and people are getting medical issues.
The harms you are trying to help clients avoid
I would like to avoid significant harms and provide the proper awareness to my patients about unsafe injection practices and their negative consequences in the future. The developing countries’ lack of resources, and a routine surveillance system are the major issues in the sector that create unsafe injection practices in the country. People are getting major health issues by taking the Injection from contaminated syringes or needles.
Hepatitis B virus- 1.69 million people are HBV-infected and facing major health issues because of the unsafe Injection.
Hepatitis C virus- There are thousands of cases of HCV in the country that is directly linked with unsefe injections.
HIV- 35,888 HIV-infected people are there and have significant health issues because of unsafe Injections. These viruses remain on the body for a long time, creating significant health issues, and slowly, the patient learns about the symptoms. The unsefe injection practices create serious issues, and people are getting infected with this virus and face major issues afterward. Still, when they recognize it is already late, people die of a poor immune system.
What is The most severe risk in unsafe injection practices?
The unsafe Injection practices by medical practitioners
As per Xim et al. (2022), Injection is one of the most essential and standard medical procedures where the doctors provide the vaccination for various reasons, including family planning, diabetic injections, or medical injections. A safe injection does not create health issues, harm the recipient, or create a danger to others. However, the unsefe injection practice creates significant health issues because the medical practices use the same syringe or needle for one or more people to create the health issues. The unsefe Injection directly transmitted the bloodborne disease that included the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The medical practices in rural areas, whether nurses are not atmos educated and providing the injections to the patients and using the same needles or the syringe to the patient, transmit the various disease and health hazards situation. the primary reason behind it that the nurses’ medical professionals are not trained and have the proper knowledge. Apart from this, it has been recorded that sometimes the family friend uses unsafe Injection because they use it to create health hazard issues to ‘transmission of the blood bone pathogens.’
According to Acharya et al. (2022), HIV outbreaks linked to unsafe injection practices in different areas Of the country were recorded because of the unqualified practices of injecting people with the same needle or syringe. The health department has screened the HIV-positive patients, and the situation happened due to unsafe injections. Apart from medical practices, most of the children and women are men identified the different diseases exposure to the dental procedure and visiting the barber shop.
As per Khatavkar et al. (2022), healthcare workers in impoverished countries typically miss out on the latest information on needle safety because of distance. They are taking the medical facilities as an example. In isolated places, there may be less interaction with teaching infirmaries or fewer possibilities to attend conferences and seminars. Emerging nations are also blocked from advanced countries’ modern assistance and information permits. As per Mane et al. (2022), private healthcare providers may unjustifiably administer injections and use unneeded medication before expiration to increase profits. Without a medication, injectable medications are often purchased from unlicensed and over-the-counter dealers in many developing countries. These injections are administered by an unregistered injection provider or by non-medical facilities.
The most severe risk to the patient
According to Seang et al. (2022), it is related to the patient and is very critical because this type of disease directly brings death to the patient. The patient usually knows about the symptoms very late, suffers from many health conditions and issues, and faces ultimate death. Aridoss et al. (2022) said contaminated needles or injections negatively affect health. When evaluating the different journals and social media platforms, I know that low-income countries have significant issues regarding unsafe injection practices. The low-income countries such as Tanzania have unsafe injection issues because of the lack of proper education and poverty. Poor people cannot know the negative impact of using the same syringe or needles during Injection. People are facing various health-related issues and know about the symptoms very late.
Discuss the risk communication strategies in place
As per Fritz et al. (2022), considerably impoverished Tanzania was the site of this investigation. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews with prescribers, patients, and other vital informants served as the basis for its creation. Prescribers included village doctors, staff at township and provincial hospitals, and other members of the local healthcare system. As Rogers-Brown et al. (2022), patients could be found in urban and rural locations. Significant sources of information included village elders, non-governmental association health employees, and others. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, neighborhood doctors, and college students participated in focus groups.
Evans et al. (2022) state that Injections are popular because of their speedy action, patient preference, and the considerable amount of fluid available to deliver drugs. The government and the Private Health Institutes are creating awareness about this to make the people aware of the unset injection practices and provide the proper training and educational program to help artificial to provide safe injections to develop patient security. Links with patients are made in the location where families of patients can be reached most efficiently. To empower patients to decide what is best for themselves, their families, and the community, educate patients on the dangers of unsafe injections and safe injection practices. Patients may request alternatives from their medical experts.
As per Thompson & Cook (2022), an injection is often not the best or most efficient treatment.
Patients must be informed that if they receive an injection prescription, they can inquire with their physician whether the medication is also available orally and explain if this is their preferred approach.
The conclusion and Recommendation
The “Safety of Injection Waste” produced by the healthcare sector is distinctive because it poses a severe infection and damage risk. Unsafe injection practices and improper handling of medical waste can significantly impact the environment and the general public’s health.
In particular, regarding injection safety and the waste they produce, hospitals and other healthcare facilities have a “duty of care” to safeguard the environment and advance public health. They are also responsible for protecting the ecosystem and human health. Unfortunately, inadequate safety measures are still taken in many areas of healthcare waste management.
The policy includes the components of this manual’s aspects. By employing this strategy, medical and research abilities might take steps to guarantee that their employees and the local people live in a secure and healthy atmosphere. The primary objective of this booklet is to help facilitators and trainers offer injection safety training during “Working Level Health Workers’ Training” effectively. The guidebook details the many training materials, the various teaching methods, and each internship session’s objectives and subject matter.
It is recommended that the trainer or facilitator use as many local resources and examples as they can, supported by using real-world benchmarks and visuals, during the training.
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