Introductions
What does “The Minor Prophets” refer to? Bible scholars created this phrase to distinguish between all the prophets that God employed and those that God has not inspired. Though often shorter than the prophecies of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel—collectively known as “The Major Prophets”—the Little Prophets’ message was anything from minor. Christians allude to Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi when we talk about the Minor Prophets.[1]
They shouldn’t be avoided just because they are classified as minor issues rather than serious ones. Many people have ignored the realities of these excellent books and haven’t bothered to read them. Such people have denied themselves the opportunity to learn valuable spiritual truths that still apply to New Testament followers today. The prophets’ message is entirely relevant today. Even though they are not speaking to us right now, Scripture that has been prepared for our education contains their message. Understanding the political, moral, and religious circumstances of ancient Israel and the pagan nations around them helps one grasp the prophets’ message more clearly. Our confidence is bolstered now due to our grasp of their message and the historical fulfillment among those prophecies but instead predictions referring to the New Testament.
Nahum
Introduction And Background
Isaiah 10:5-19 but also chapters 36 and 37 provide insight into Assyria’s arrogant attitude and how God employed Assyria to chastise wicked Israel. “Biblical book of Nahum shows how untrue the notion that “might makes good” is. The capital of the vast Assyrian Empire, Nineveh, bragged about its might and prosperity but refused to admit its guilt or to listen to God. Such a nation would eventually crumble.”[2]The prophet concerns Nineveh, the Assyrian capital, rather than the internal circumstances in Judah and Jerusalem. Lengthy and costly conflicts led to the expansion and exhaustion of Assyria. Her cities’ populations were never uniform. The nation was doomed to disintegrate if trade and business were the only things keeping them together. The Assyrian kings and the populace, in general, were known for their extreme harshness.
Theme In Nahum
The Power Of God Over All Countries
It may seem unimportant for a Christian in the twenty-first century to think about a prophecy about Nineveh (1:1). Yet, Nineveh had been the capital of Assyria, the ambitious powerhouse that posed a continual threat to and danger to God’s people.[3]. Assyria had already conquered northern Israel during the period of Nahum, and several of God’s people had been exiled. They posed a danger and a threat to God’s people in Judah, in the south. We find echoes of something like the imperialist goals of Assyria but also Nineveh as in the seventh-century bc in the aggressive superpowers and the oppression of God’s people today. Therefore, Nahum’s prophesy is still relevant today because it conveys a message of hope, encouragement for God’s people, and a guarantee of God’s wrath. It addresses problems that contemporary Christians must deal with, and situations that are eerily similar to those Christians encounter today. The message is one regarding the actual world.
God’s Righteous Wrath
At a period when it must have appeared very improbable, it is apparent that Nahum is prophesying the fall of Nineveh and the demise of the superpower Assyria – But Nineveh was destroyed as Nahum said. Assyria ceased as a superpower and never again posed a danger to Israel. However, some people disagree with Nahum’s vision’s key points (1:1). They find it impossible to accept that the kind God and Father of both the Lord Jesus can be appropriately characterized as a vindictive and wrathful God who exacts revenge (1:2). But the one true God, who is both a God of love and anger, is revealed for both Old and New Testaments;
Nahum’s vision is a lesson of particular significance because it explains the nature of God and, indeed, the philosophical underpinnings of the theory of judgment in such a straightforward and logical manner. That foundation is established in the first chapters when we discover that the Lord is both a good and an angry God (1:1-6). (1:7-15). Nahum subsequently builds on a certain foundation by using the modern-day tale of the fall of the powerhouse Assyria and the devastation of its country’s capital Nineveh to illustrate the fundamentals of God’s providence in connection to judgment and salvation.
Teachings From Nahum
In the thrones of humanity, the Lord reigns. For all who listen to the Lord, He is a sanctuary in times of adversity. A proper conception of both the Lord is crucial. When the Lord punishes the wicked, there is nowhere to hide. The Lord’s patience has an expiration date. Sin has a death penalty.
Habakkuk
Introduction And Background
The meaning of the name Habakkuk is “the pleasant embracer” or “the one (God’s) beloved.” Habakkuk is described by Luther as a “men of heart, hearty for another, receiving him into his arms.” As one might do with a crying infant, Habakkuk consoles and uplifts his people in his prophesy, asking them to keep quiet so that God can yet make things right[4]. It International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia states that some ancient rabbis believed the prophet to be the son of the Shunammite lady because they connected the name with 2 Kings 4:16, “Thou shalt embrace a son.” The Hebrew chabbaquq is implied by the name’s Septuagint version, Hambakoum; Theodotion Hambakouk. Assyrian has a term that sounds similar to a garden plant’s name.
Unluckily, hardly much is known regarding Habakkuk. Although he is the subject of several stories, the only scriptural information concerning him is contained in the first verse of his book. Its name may be derived from a Hebrew word that means “embrace.” According to sure researchers, he may be Isaiah 21.6, or the child of the Shunammite mentioned in 2 Kings 4.16. The facts do not sufficiently support such statements[5]. According to one rabbi, “Moses gave Israel 613 laws, David shortened them to 10, Isaiah to 2, then Habakkuk to one: the virtuous shall live through his faith,” according to the Talmud.
Judah and Jerusalem descended deeper into rebellion against God, and the tapestry of national life began to fray at the seams. Nevertheless, the prophet existed and prophesied throughout the buildup to Judah’s invasion (foreshadowed in 1:6) and, indeed, the ultimate defeat of Jerusalem by Babylonians around 587 bc. Josiah’s reign, defined by justice and covenant fidelity, had ended at some point. In 609 bc, his son Jehoiakim succeeded him, but he was primarily concerned with self-promotion; kindness and justice became ideals of the past, and the nation descended into despotism and bloodshed. When Habakkuk’s contemporary Jeremiah confronted Jehoiakim about their corrupt practices, he spoke with remarkable vehemence:.’
The Theme In Habakkuk’s
The Book Of Habakkuk Is A Dialogue.
Throughout the face of what appears to be the imminent destruction of the city, country, and the inhabitants by a ruthless and brutal invader, the prophet confronts the Lord, distancing oneself himself completely. The Lord replies, revealing that His sovereign action is in operation in history, although subtly. There are parallels to Job in that Habakkuk also challenges God, but his starting point is a national problem rather than a personal one. Therefore he asks God to impose righteous retribution on violent tyrants.
Habakkuk Expresses His Passion And Desperation Against God.
Instead of the monarch, Habakkuk aims his rage and anguish toward God. In this regard, he is a rare, if not uncommon, prophet mostly in Old Testament. The prophet’s whole connection with God is made public, and we have significant insight into his prayer life.[6]. The conversation style emphasizes the value of expressing and responding to whatever the Almighty says throughout times of fear, uncertainty, and disaster. It is indeed a moving but also challenging event.
The Pain Of A Destroyed World
If you are aware, you will know that we exist in a society filled with enormous benefits and severe misery. As we go along life’s pathways, the reality of sinful man, natural catastrophes, illnesses, and famines weighs heavily on our souls. But there is also a lot of goodness in the world and people.[7]. Where can we interpret our current condition, in which life is a mix of blessing and pain? Habakkuk instructs us to deal with life outside the orchard in a broken world.
God’s Sovereignty Throughout Human History
Do we control our fates, or are we a part of a larger plan with a more powerful captain? Does God involve the negative aspects of the world if he is in charge of all the positive things? When you land a decent job, get married, have children, advance in your profession, and win American Idol, it is simple to see that God is the creator but plans for your life instead. But how do we see life when we’re out of a job, have been dumped, have had our country conquered, or have experienced a significant personal loss? Habakkuk challenges us with God’s sovereignty’s utterly evident but challenging teaching.
Belief in the Reliability of God
How can God’s people live amid the darkest moments if he is in charge of the greatest and worst times? A thundering response from Habakkuk is repeated three times throughout the New Testament. The will endure through faith, during the day would come whenever the world is as wholly covered with the knowledge of the Lord’s majesty as the seas are with water.
Idolatry’s Danger
The primary sin that dwells in people’s hearts seems to be the worshipping of created all things, human creations, imaginary gods, worship ourselves, our wealth, and everything that is not an actual creator God. Habakkuk discusses idolatry in a brutally honest manner. However, there are numerous alternative saviors in our lives and souls, even if we might not find ourselves worshiping gold statues.
Lessons From Habakkuk
When things happen, it’s acceptable to doubt God. We shouldn’t question whether God acted morally or whether He still does. There is no assurance that decent people won’t experience awful things. We must never forget that God seems to be in complete charge. We might be asked to serve Him by ourselves. The righteous shall live by spiritual faith.
Zephaniah
Introduction And Background
Zephaniah can also mean “Yahweh cherished,” “Yahweh shelters [or has concealed],” or “Yahweh’s watchman.” Uncertainty surrounds the prophet’s name’s derivation, disputed by academics. “Yahweh conceals” is what I favor. Hezekiah was Zephaniah’s great-great-grandfather (1:1), King Hezekiah of Judah.[8]. 1 David and Solomon would be the other two literary prophets with one of the most aristocratic pedigrees in their veins if they were the king’s ancestors. Besides the identities of his direct ancestors, we have no further information on him, yet we may be pretty particular about his location. He seems to be referring to Judah but instead Jerusalem in verses 10 and 11, which would match a king’s descendant.
The headquarters of the North Kingdom of Israel, Samaria, was besieged and conquered by Assyria in 722 BC. The ten northern communities of Israel were famished, raped, pillaged, killed, and taken captive by them (2 Kings 17:3-23). Yet, the S. Kingdom persisted in sinning against God rather than witnessing the fall of an N. Kingdom and turning from its wickedness.[9]. They committed child sacrifices to false gods, put idols in the Lord’s Temple, and pushed Israel to worship the sun, moon, and stars. King Manasseh (695–642 BC) but also his son King Amon (642–640 BC) were terrible kings (2 Kgs. 21:4-7, 23:10-11). At the age of eight, Josiah succeeded Amon in 640 BC. Hilkiah, the high priest, found a copy of the Law in the 18th year of his rule (622BC; 2 Kgs. 22:3-8). is sparked a brief revival that eventually failed since Judah was adamant about continuing to practice her cherished idolatry. Babylon will ultimately take Judah captive in three waves from 605 to 586 BC.
Themes In Zephaniah
Similarities In The Announcement Of Judgment
Day Of the Lord is the primary topic of the Scripture of Zephaniah. Zephaniah clarifies two main facets of this primary idea: judgment and redemption. In each of these facets, Zephaniah shows numerous similarities to the writings of the eighth-century prophetic.[10]. First, Zephaniah declares that the prophet’s nation would experience God’s punishment on the Day of the Lord, just like Amos, Hosea, Isaiah, and Micah did. Zephaniah also parallels several seventh-century prophets by identifying particular national groupings as the object of divine judgment. Like Isaiah, Zephaniah foretells wrath, particularly on the nation’s leadership.
Parallels In The Salvation Proclamation
Zephaniah draws on the prophets of the eighth century in more ways than only judgment on the day before the Lord. He also echoes many of his forebears when discussing a restoration, a time of blessing beyond the age of judgment. This period of blessing shouldn’t be seen as apart from the period of judgment, so because judgment is purifying in character, for Zephaniah and his forerunners, the latter aids in laying the groundwork for the former. Likewise, Zephaniah’s assertion that the judgment expels the stain of iniquity by punishing those who commit it echoes Isaiah’s. However, Zephaniah and the prophets of the eighth century believed that God’s last word was not judgment.
The Remnant’s Salvation
According to Zephaniah and his prophetic predecessors, it should be noted that the age of blessing but restoration will not be enjoyed by many of the covenant people, thus according to Zephaniah and his prophetic predecessors. Instead, these blessings of the restoration should be for a band of survivors known as the remnant, which are further described as the lame and the outcast from both Zephaniah and Micah. This remnant, according to prophets, is made up of people who exhibit particular spiritual attributes.
First, like Amos, Zephaniah suggests that perhaps the remnant is made up of those who choose to react favorably to the prophetic warning to seek Yahweh. The other qualities are likely to develop due to their decision to focus their resources on pursuing the Lord. According to both Zephaniah but also Isaiah, the remnant is made up of modest people. This remnant is made up of people who find their confidence and security solely in Yahweh and not in any clinical standpoint.
The Nations’ Salvation
However, the remainder of Israel isn’t the sole receivers of future prosperity since Zephaniah, like Isaiah and Micah, talks of a future conversion of both the nations to Yahweh worship. In numerous aspects of the eventual transformation of the nations, Zephaniah notably mirrors Isaiah. As did Isaiah, he speaks to a change of foreigners’ lips or tongue that allows them to declare their devotion and allegiance to Yahweh. Foreigners, like Isaiah, will make sacrifices to Yahweh to express their respect for him.
Lessons From Zephaniah
Sin’s effects must never be overlooked in preaching or forgotten daily. We must always be in tune with God’s Word. Repentance is possible when life is present. One shouldn’t forget that God is in perfect charge no matter what happens in the world. “Taking shelter in the presence of the Lord” is the only genuine safety in life. When we alleviate men of all denominations, we demonstrate a lack of faith in Jesus Christ’s particular Lordship. Our possessions will be useless on the day before the judgment. Unless we throw up walls of indifference and sin, the Lord is not that far from us. Waiting on the Lord implies obeying the Lord’s will and being patient.
Haggai
Introduction And Background
That book of Haggai would be the Old Testament’s second shortest book. To fully comprehend its significance, we must be familiar with the writings of Ezra, Jeremiah, Malachi, and Zechariah.[11]. Every one of these prophetic works has a piece of the jigsaw that adds to the overall historical/spiritual picture. It might explain why Haggai contains only two chapters. It’s as though the author believed the reader was already aware of the tragic events in Jerusalem about 100 years before this prophecy.
In 558 BC, Cyrus, the first Persian ruler, issued a proclamation allowing vanquished ethnic groups who had been transported to Mesopotamian by the Babylonians to repatriate to their homelands. The royal proclamation was written on a clay barrel, the renowned Cylinder of King Cyrus, unearthed in ancient Babylon in the Esagila temple (now held by the British Museum). This proclamation naturally encompassed Jews, although they are not listed on the cylinder.[12] Following the Cyrus order, the first wave of 42360 Hebrew immigrants to Jerusalem and 7337 servants departed.
Sheshbazzar, a monarch of Judah and the first leader of the restored community in post-exilic Judah, served as their leader. During the first few years of his rule, about 538 or 537 BC (Ezra :), the groundwork for a new temple was constructed. Unfortunately, due to the difficulties of surviving in a destroyed city surrounded by enemies and foreigners and afflicted by famine and crop failure, the little project was quickly abandoned, and the building site remained unattended for over two decades.
Themes In Haggai
The Inherent Value Of Obedience And The Detriment Of Disobedience
“Aside from Obadiah, Haggai is indeed the shortest book throughout the Old Testament, yet its teachings are no less important.” The book of Haggai eloquently demonstrates the repercussions of disobedience and obedience. People are rewarded rather than cursed when they prioritize God and his home. “Obedience offers the Spirit of God’s encouragement and power.” Although this principle is frequently taught and repeated in our post-cross experience, how much weight should we give it in our current experience?
Temple Service Throughout The Captivity
There was no temple anywhere in the world whereby God was worshipped as long as when the Jerusalem temple seemed to be not in use. This little book has multiple references to “God’s House.” In 536 BC, the new Temple’s foundation was erected, and construction got underway with great anticipation[13]. But sixteen years had passed since no one had visited the Temple. Haggai was sent from God to shock the people out of their complacency and to rouse them to the need for restoration. “What gave the Temple its significance? God could not have been adequately worshipped as long as His dwelling was in disrepair. The Temple stood for both Israel’s values and God’s presence.
Lessons From Haggai
Wealth frequently causes one to lose focus on being faithful. Work is the antidote to despair. The successful person pays attention to what the Lord says. The successful person regularly reflects on the course of his life is on. The moment is here to do excellent work. Prioritize your needs first.
Zechariah
Introduction And Background
Zechariah preaches a word of transformation to people who already had freely repatriated from exile and made free-will gifts for the Temple’s reconstruction, which may seem unusual. Yet, in the sixth month of King Darius’ second year in power, construction on the Temple had already been resumed. Zechariah’s prophetic revelation occurred two months later! But God says to people who are up to their ears in the Lord’s works that they should be converted.[14]. There was a chance that instead of going to the site of God’s revelation, these individuals had just gone back to the city of their forefathers. It’s possible that they prioritized national harmony over God’s house in their decision to reconstruct the Temple.
It is a period for someone to be transformed if the Lord God is no longer at the center of the Lord’s work. To understand the historical context of Zechariah’s writing, one needs to read Ezra 1-6. See also the Haggai book’s introduction. Zechariah is considered one of the four apocalyptic books of the Bible, along with Ezekiel, Daniel, and revelation. It indicates that a significant portion of their content was written in metaphorical or symbolic language. Zechariah holds solid messianic views. Because Isaiah and this book provided the most detailed predictions of the arrival of the Messiah, these two prophets are frequently compared.
Themes Of Zechariah
The Divine Presence Of HWH And The Restoration Of The Zion Temple
Although there aren’t many explicit allusions to the Temple in Zechariah 1–8, the concept of the sanctuary and YHWH’s presence is a major one. Zechariah is positioned in the middle of the Zion custom. In Zion/Jerusalem, YHWH is mainly present in his Temple, and it is through this presence that his Lordship is established[15]. The restoration of something like the Temple was seen more as a symbol than a prerequisite for the coming of redemption. YHWH declares in the opening verse of Zechariah’s first vision that his home will be rebuilt and his powerful presence should be in Zion (1:16). Joshua will be chosen as the Temple’s chief representative and high priest before it is finished, according to Zechariah 3:7.
The Authority And Rule Of YHWH
The sovereign God is consistently referred to by the prophet Zechariah as. Throughout Zechariah 1–8, this epithet appears 44 times, and the term itself appears 284 times throughout the Old Testament. The word “meaning” can be used to describe (a) earthly armies, (b) heavenly hosts, or (c) all beings and forces in both heaven and earth. 24 The epithet is challenging to translate, and English Bibles use a range of translations, including Yahweh Sabaoth (JB), Lord of Hosts, and Lord Almighty. “YHWH of all powers” or “Lord of all powers” are appropriate translations. All hosts and powers in heaven and on earth can be referred to by the phrase “powers,” which can be interpreted as an all-inclusive term.
Sin And Retribution/Judgment
The prophet offers a historical, retroactive perspective on sin and retribution in the opening few lines of the book (1:1-6). YHWH was correct in allowing his people to suffer the results of their disobedience since they had broken his commands[16]. The substance of the offense is not detailed, but the prophet calls on the people to convert from their “bad ways” and “evil acts” (1:4). The promises made by YHWH to his people dominate the book’s attention up to chapter 5. However, the first four chapters include a few allusions to the crimes of the nations (Babylon). Zechariah 5 lists two significant “sins” that YHWH desires to have eradicated from his people.
(Repentance And Obedience) Turn To YHWH
I alluded to the claim that the populace’s suffering was caused by their prior disobedience in section (C.3) (Zech 1:4-6; 7:7-14). Therefore, the populace must turn to YHWH and obey his instructions. This topic of repentance is introduced in Zechariah 1:3: In light of this, tell them, “Thus says the LORD among hosts: Restore to me, and I will return to you, says the LORD of hosts.” Foster31 contends that the structure of something like the actual book, not only Proto-Genealogy, is revealed through this fundamental duality between YHWH and his people. Zachariah 1:1–7 1:8–6:15 Since I am turning to people (Promise); 7-8 Return to me (Specific order); return unto me (Summons).
The Coming Of YHWH, Grace, Love, And Forgiveness
The central theme of First Zechariah would be that of Yahweh’s concern for Jerusalem and Yahweh’s resolve to restore Jerusalem, according to O’Brein36. In Zech 1–8, YHWH is shown as a God who yearns for a covenant connection with his people. He assures us that He will be a kind, forgiving, and loving God. In addition to discussing the people’s need for repentance, Zechariah 1–8 strongly focuses on YHWH’s coming back to live among his people. 37 YHWH was so furious with his people that He almost destroyed them (1:2), but thankfully, his mercy, kindness, and love outweighed his fury. At least three texts specifically mention YHWH’s forgiving nature. Finally, we find the conditional statements of YHWH in Zechariah 1:3:
Lessons From Zechariah
Revived preaching revives waning faith. Those who try to reestablish natural religion will benefit from God. Only a people’s dedication to God can reveal their genuine splendor. Without pouring one’s heart out to God, holy acts are futile. True religion aims to be practiced by everyone. The Lord’s people ought to look on the bright side. The Lord desires that Jerusalem be known as the “city of truth.”
Malachi
Background And Introduction
Malachi is a short book (four chapters in the English Bible and three in the Hebrew Bible), yet it is packed with messages of love, hope, challenge, and correction. However, God’s love is central to Malachi’s core message.[17]. Malachi wishes to reveal the reality of God’s love towards His people since the people have begun to doubt but also question God’s love. In doing so, he must emphasize that individuals’ ability to experience that love is hampered by their sins. Malachi’s condemnation of God’s spiritual or religious apathy is highly relevant to the church in North America in the twenty-first century.
To get a fuller picture of Judea’s situation during this time, read Ezra chapters 7-10 and indeed the entire book of Nehemiah. The first troop of exiles returned in 536 BC, led by Zerubbabel, the governor, and Joshua, the high priest. The people reconstructed the Temple between 520 and 516 BC, inspired by Haggai and Zechariah’s teaching. In 458, Ezra returned with the second batch of exiles, and Zechariah is said to have cheered the remnant with the message of Zechariah 9-14. The book’s style is peculiar to the Bible, employing a didactic-dialectic approach. The people addressed to make an affirmation followed by an interrogative objection.
Themes of Malachi
The Covenant Love of Yahweh for Israel
‘Ahabh (“love”) is one of Malachi’s several terminologies associated with the fundamental idea of covenant. Malachi’s first debate begins with a brief but powerful statement: “I have loved you, the lord says” (1:2). In Mal 1:2, the word ‘ahabh appears three times. It is the same as Zechariah’s and, apart from Hosea, is the most often used phrase in the literature of the Twelve.[18]. The word’s use in Deuteronomy communicates the sense of covenant love and the broader idea of election because Yahweh selected Israel as opposed to Edom (Deut 7:8). While there is no more explanation for this remark, it summarizes Israel’s whole Covenant history.
Accord Of Our Ancestors
After expressing his judgment on the priesthood, Malachi immediately addresses all Israelites by drawing attention to their shared covenantal inheritance. Malachi 2:10,95’s interrogative query displays a striking and reciprocal self-indictment. The phrase “covenant of our ancestors,” which makes it challenging to pinpoint its precise origin and notable predecessor, represents the populace’s universalistic worldview and the idea of brotherhood between all nations and people. Everyone is equal since they are all the children of a single guy. The sense of fraternity and equality between these people is what they meant by the covenant in this instance. They assess that this covenant is being broken.
Lessons From Malachi
Many simply give to the Lord what is practical. Outside appearance has no significance unless it is driven by inside obedience. Elders will only receive the Lord’s blessings if they carry out His assigned duties. Marriage is a commitment with God as well as our partners. While robbing another person is wrong, robbing God is inconceivable. Christians sin when they downplay the significance of “purpose” and “bountifully” giving.
Conclusion
One of the most widespread fallacies about prophetic texts is that they only include prophecies about the future events that affect present people. We must remember that the initial audience of such prophesies was thousands of years ago. While many of those prophecies are still coming true for them in the future, they already happened to us centuries ago. It is accurate that a prophet’s duties included prophesying the future. The most common word for prophets in Hebrew was nabi, which means “called.” This name was likely chosen because these people were both “called” by God and “called out” to the community on God’s behalf.
The Minor Prophets push us to develop a prophetic vision and perceive the world from God’s perspective. Things that are invisible to a stupid person we see and hear. The Minor Prophets urge us to spread a message of prophecy.[19]. Thus saith the LORD, “should be the foundation of all we say and do, including our marriages, parenting, relationships, sin, and testimony. We are called to prophetic boldness by the Minor Prophets. They assist us in resisting the pull of our cultural stream. We don’t have to blend in!
The Minor Prophets push us to be sincere. These folks were not arrogant. They submitted to God. No of the excuses they may have used to justify not doing something, they heard God’s word and obeyed it. Too frequently, we are ready to point out the limitations of our service to God. We are called to prophetic faith by the Minor Prophets. Faith that acknowledges God as Creator and Lord. This religion stays fast to promises even when the world around us degenerates morally and economically. It steadfastly adheres to a conception of God in which He is in charge.
Bibliography
All, E-sst L L C, and Rights Reserved. “© 2004 E-Sst LLC All Rights Reserved Published by Bible-Commentaries.Com Used with Permission,” 2004, 1–6.
Boloje, Blessing Onoriode, and Alphonso Groenewald. “Literary Analysis of Covenant Themes in the Book of Malachi.” Old Testament Essays 28, no. 2 (2015): 257–82. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2015/v28n2a4.
By, Prepared, and Jeff Smith. “Prepared By Jeff Smith Table Of Contents,” n.d.
Constable, Thomas L. “Notes on Zephaniah.” Commentary 3, no. September 2014 (2021): 2–3.
Gaster, Theodor H., and Paul Humbert. “The Book of Habakkuk.” The Jewish Quarterly Review 38, no. 3 (1948): 347. https://doi.org/10.2307/1453136.
Haggai, In. “The Minor Prophets – The Book of Haggai 185,” n.d., 185–98.
Hill, Andrew E, Inter-varsity Press, and Norton Street. Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries Haggai , Zechariah An Introduction and Commentary, n.d.
International standard Bible encyclopaedia. “The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, I-IV,” 1984, XX, 668 p.; 669–1376, 1377–2296, 2297–3185; 26x.
“Key Themes in Habakkuk.” Accessed July 8, 2022. https://ivpbooks.com/blog/key-themes-in-habakkuk.html.
“Key Themes in Nahum.” Accessed July 8, 2022. https://ivpbooks.com/blog/key-themes-in-nahum.html.
King, Greg A. “The Message of Zephaniah: An Urgent Echo.” Andrews University Seminary Studies 32, no. 2 (1996): 211–22. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2254&context=auss.
“Major Themes in Habakkuk — Power of Change.” Accessed July 8, 2022. https://www.powerofchange.org/blog/2007/1/26/major-themes-in-habakkuk.html.
Mccurdy, George. “The Book of Habakkuk Minor Prophets : Major Messages,” n.d., 103.
Melhus, Dan, and B Ackground. “The Minor Prophets.” The T&T Clark Companion to the Septuagint, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5040/9780567661968.0037.
Kennedy, Daniel F. “Key Themes in Zechariah 1-8.” ONE 32 (2019): 215. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2019/v32n1a12.
Of, O O K. “The Near East at the Time of Zephaniah ( 620 BC ),” n.d., 2–3.
Pope, Dan, and Dan Pope. “A Brief Introduction to the Book of Malachi,” no. April (2019).
Prophets, Minor, The Minor Prophets, Prophetic Untimeliness, and The Minor Prophets. “An Introduction to the Minor Prophets,” n.d., 6–7.
[1] Prepared By and Jeff Smith, “Prepared By Jeff Smith Table Of Contents,” n.d.
[2] Dan Melhus and B Ackground, “The Minor Prophets,” The T&T Clark Companion to the Septuagint, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5040/9780567661968.0037.
[3] “Key Themes in Nahum,” accessed July 8, 2022, https://ivpbooks.com/blog/key-themes-in-nahum.html.
[4] International standard Bible encyclopedia, “The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia, I-IV,” 1984, XX, 668 p.; 669–1376, 1377–2296, 2297–3185; 26x.
[5] Theodor H. Gaster and Paul Humbert, “The Book of Habakkuk,” The Jewish Quarterly Review 38, no. 3 (1948): 347, https://doi.org/10.2307/1453136.
[6] “Key Themes in Habakkuk,” accessed July 8, 2022, https://ivpbooks.com/blog/key-themes-in-habakkuk.html.
[7] “Major Themes in Habakkuk — Power of Change,” accessed July 8, 2022, https://www.powerofchange.org/blog/2007/1/26/major-themes-in-habakkuk.html.
[8] Thomas L. Constable, “Notes on Zephaniah,” Commentary 3, no. September 2014 (2021): 2–3.
[9] O O K Of, “The Near East at the Time of Zephaniah ( 620 BC ),” n.d., 2–3.
[10] Greg A. King, “The Message of Zephaniah: An Urgent Echo,” Andrews University Seminary Studies 32, no. 2 (1996): 211–22, https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2254&context=auss.
[11] George Mccurdy, “The Book of Habakkuk Minor Prophets : Major Messages,” n.d., 103.
[12] Andrew E Hill, Inter-varsity Press, and Norton Street, Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries Haggai, Zechariah An Introduction and Commentary, n.d.
[13] Haggai, “The Minor Prophets – The Book of Haggai 185,” n.d., 185–98.
[14] E-sst L L C All and Rights Reserved, “© 2004 E-Sst LLC All Rights Reserved Published by Bible-Commentaries.Com Used with Permission,” 2004, 1–6.
[15] Daniel F O’kennedy, “Key Themes in Zechariah 1-8,” OTE 32 (2019): 215, https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2019/v32n1a12.
[16] Kennedy.
[17] Dan Pope and Dan Pope, “A Brief Introduction to the Book of Malachi,” no. April (2019).
[18] Blessing Onoriode Boloje and Alphonso Groenewald, “Literary Analysis of Covenant Themes in the Book of Malachi,” Old Testament Essays 28, no. 2 (2015): 257–82, https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2015/v28n2a4.
[19] Minor Prophets et al., “An Introduction to the Minor Prophets,” n.d., 6–7.
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