Voorhies, A. A., Mark Ott, C., Mehta, S., Pierson, D. L., Crucian, B. E., Feiveson, A., Oubre, C. M., Torralba, M., Moncera, K., Zhang, Y., Zurek, E., & Lorenzi, H. A. (2019). Study the impact of long-duration space missions at the International Space Station on the astronaut microbiome. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46303-8
In this article, the authors are focused on investigating the effect of long-term space travel on human microbiomes, which may lead to various health impacts for travelers. The topic is much associated with the question of study as it confirms the adverse effects of space exploration on astronauts. The long-term stay in space by the astronauts leads to a negative impact on their health through the alteration of the microbiomes of the scientists. The microbial effect is on the various parts of the astronauts’ bodies, such as the skin, gut, nose, and tongue.
The article’s credibility is confirmed on its date of publication which is 2019, and currently based on the ten years difference from the publication date. Another piece of evidence is that the article is a journal with a universal Doi number which can be confirmed from all over the globe. Additionally, the authors are well-known researchers and certified by highly appraised institutions. The references used to generate the data computed in this article are reliable and scholarly. The research also followed ethical guidelines in line with the righteous research requirements.
Finally, the article addresses the scientists and the space exploration stakeholders. It gives them the need for more investigation into the discussed negative impacts of space exploration on the astronauts’ health. It calls for more analysis and research before doing several long-term space travels without looking into the remedy to these challenges.
Kourtidou-Papadeli, C., Frantzidis, C. A., Bakirtzis, C., Petridou, A., Gilou, S., Karkala, A., Machairas, I., Kantouris, N., Nday, C. M., Dermitzakis, E. V., Bakas, E., Mougios, V., Bamidis, P. D., & Vernikos, J. (2022). Therapeutic benefits of short-arm human centrifugation in multiple sclerosis–a new approach. Frontiers in Neurology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.746832
The article confirms and affirms the impact of using Short-arm human centrifugation (SAHC) as a countermeasure towards deconditioning and preventing progressive disability in astronauts. Most astronauts are at risk of progressive disability because of long-term inactivity while in space and living in space for a long time. The article confirms that there is a negative impact of space travel on scientists involved as it leads to progressive disability which SAHC can only solve. It states that the confinement and inactivity of those who travel to space show to f musculoskeletal decrement, which the therapeutic benefits of the SAHC can only reduce.
The sources are reliable for this study for several reasons, which include the currency. The article is current and up to date as it was published in 2022, which is within the ten years difference in years from the publication date. It is also fetched from a well-known scientific website known for legitimate articles and research materials. Frontiers in Neurology are best known as qualified and certified researchers with trusted data about scientific topics. Kourtidou-Papadeli et al., 2022 is a group of researchers from well-documented and known universities with certification to conduct approved research studies useful in scientific studies. Lastly, the topic of discussion in the article is related to the question of study connecting the negative impact of space travel which is a disadvantage to the importance of SAHC therapy.
Lastly, the article addresses the space travel stakeholders and gives them the confirmation that SAHC is beneficial in reducing the significant effect of mobility issues associated with long-term space travel. The information from this article helps perfect future randomized controls about the considerable impact of sclerosis among space travelers. For example, perfecting the outcomes of SAHC therapy would help give better results to save travelers from the adverse effects of progressive disability in the case of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Shaka, S., Carpo, N., Tran, V., Cepeda, C., & Espinosa-Jeffrey, A. (2022). Space microgravity alters neural stem cell division: Implications for Brain Cancer Research on Earth and in space. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(22), 14320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214320
In this article, Shaka et al., 2022 investigate space microgravity’s impact on Astronauts’ health and well-being. The investigation is grounded on the effects on the neural and cognitive functions of the scientist involved in space travel. This investigation will help enlighten and save the astronauts if it proves that there are negative impacts from the microgravity environment where the scientists travel into space. The confirmation from this article would help answer the research question in providing the implications of space travel to the astronauts in terms of good and bad effects on their health.
The source is reliable because it is a journal and is academically acceptable as a scholarly source. It means that the information and date are adequate for academic papers. Additionally, the report is updated because the publication is current, as demonstrated in 2022. This makes it more acceptable as it is up to date and current according to the rule of using articles at most ten years. Also, the article’s authors are authentic and have academic knowledge in space exploration as they have graduated from recognized universities. Lastly, the topic of study in the report is relative to the research question, and it is from a recognized site of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
The addressed audience is essential since it relates to the topic of study. The space astronauts and other stakeholders in space exploration are very important as they relate to the challenges and the impacts arising from the space microgravity environment. The stakeholders addressed here can put strategies to protect the scientists from the confirmed challenges affecting the astronauts in space exploration. The information may be helpful for the stakeholders to find out preventive measures and corrective measures to the increased risk to astronauts who are exposed to the risk associated with the long-term space traveling.
The Synthesis of The Three Articles
The three articles have common issue related to space exploration and protecting of human health of those astronauts. They are all focused on investigating the negative impacts of space exploration on human health based on the data of the space astronauts. The authors are all addressing the stakeholders to take keen interest in making the space exploration safe for the astronauts by coming up with better ways to protect them. For example, Kourtidou-Papadeli et al., 2022, aims at making sure that the space exploration stakeholders warrant further investigation to find out about other health issues associated with microbiome challenges caused by the longtime in space. on the other hand, Kourtidou-Papadeli et al., 2022 confirms a negative impact of space exploration on the travelers and confirms the benefit of SAHC therapy on the management of multiple sclerosis arising from space exploration. The information in these three articles is centered on protecting the lives of space travelers and calling upon the space exploration organizations to focus on protecting the lives of the astronauts.
References
Kourtidou-Papadeli, C., Frantzidis, C. A., Bakirtzis, C., Petridou, A., Gilou, S., Karkala, A., Machairas, I., Kantouris, N., Nday, C. M., Dermitzakis, E. V., Bakas, E., Mougios, V., Bamidis, P. D., & Vernikos, J. (2022). Therapeutic benefits of short-arm human centrifugation in multiple sclerosis–a new approach. Frontiers in Neurology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.746832
Shaka, S., Carpo, N., Tran, V., Cepeda, C., & Espinosa-Jeffrey, A. (2022). Space microgravity alters neural stem cell division: Implications for Brain Cancer Research on Earth and in space. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(22), 14320. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214320
Voorhies, A. A., Mark Ott, C., Mehta, S., Pierson, D. L., Crucian, B. E., Feiveson, A., Oubre, C. M., Torralba, M., Moncera, K., Zhang, Y., Zurek, E., & Lorenzi, H. A. (2019). Study of the impact of long-duration space missions at the International Space Station on the astronaut microbiome. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46303-8
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