Background of the Study
Different strategies have been laid down to ensure that the spread of some often contagious diseases is managed through vaccines. Still, the major challenge has been resistance from individuals, religious organizations, countries, and even non-profit organizations, sometimes hindering the effective adoption of a common approach to managing them. Some of the factors that influenced the effective update of vaccines include the lack of trust in the healthcare system, attitude and previous uptake history of vaccines and the concerns about the safety and efficiency of the vaccines. In support of the findings, Lazarus et al. (2023) found that most individuals have been reluctant to take vaccines due to the safety and efficacy associated with their use. For instance, some individuals were resistant to its uptake from the most recent vaccine of Covid 19 based on the common mild side effects associated with its use. From McCready et al. (2023) research, the majority of the respondents who sought to answer why did not take part in the COVID-19 vaccines they acknowledged the fact that they were uncertain of their health based on the death cases that had also been associated with the few who took part in the vaccines.
On the other hand, a study by Ackah et al. (2022) also sought to determine the specific factors that influence vaccine uptake in Africa. The Study, which adopted a desk research approach, searched information from different sites.
Study Objectives
The following objectives will guide the Study.
- To determine the factors influencing vaccine nation uptake and addressing vaccine hesitancy.
- To establish the strategies adopted by the governments to ensure maximum update of vaccines.
The rationale of the Study
There is no doubt that the spread of COVID-19 in some countries increased due to people’s reluctance to accept vaccines that would have been important in improving their immune systems and reducing their space. Furthermore, according to Ackah et al. (2022) and McCready et al. (2023), previous vaccines have not been globally accepted by some countries, further increasing the risks of the spread of some diseases. As a strategy of seeking to understand how effective such an uptake can be improved in the future, it is necessary to understand these factors and determine how effective they can be managed to ensure that future vaccines or previous vaccines are well embraced. For instance, according to Ackah et al. (2022), one of the factors that influenced vaccine uptake was the lack of sufficient education and awareness by the users on the importance of some of the vaccines while they are introduced. Thus, the Study would seek to find out factors such as education, and they would positively help manage any challenges associated with current, previous, or future vaccines.
Methodology
As Ahmad et al. (2019) argued, methodology forms one of the critical strategies researchers can adopt to help solve their key objectives or questions for research. According to Creswell & Creswell (2017), there are different types of methods, but the significant approaches include adopting either qualitative or quantitative approaches. As for the Study, quantitative and qualitative policies will be assumed to determine the key factors influencing the intake of vaccines and whether the uptake of vaccines should be made mandatory. The use of a qualitative research approach would include embracing interview questions. The research will embrace open-ended questions as an approach as this allows the participants to freely provide reasons for resisting any given vaccine.
On the other hand, a quantitative research approach would be used because it helps a reach meet a given target. For instance, based on the expected results, with the adoption of a quantitative approach, the researcher can effectively focus on asking the respondents how specific factors such as social demographic variables such as level of education, race or age, political beliefs, and broadly cultural and religious views are influencing their vaccines uptake. This is because some of these factors might need to be addressed through the quantitative approach, an open-ended research where respondents answer based on their understanding.
In meeting the research objectives, a total of 500 participants will be selected through a random sampling method from different social media platforms (Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram) and this will include 50 participants for the qualitative research approach while 450 for quantitative research responsible of taking part in survey questions. The participants would be chosen from at least five countries to ensure the research attains diversity in its findings. As for the Study, surveys could be adopted as a basis for also seeking to determine the extent to which specific factors, as presented from different literatures, influence vaccine uptake and addressing. These factors would be obtained from a literature review analysis of other articles.
Expected Outcome
Based on McCready et al. ( 2023) and Ackah et al.’s (2022) results, different factors might be influencing individuals ‘ uptake of vaccines, and some of the highly expected factors include a lack of trust in the health system, costs associated with the vaccinates. Attitude and previous uptake history of vaccines, the misconceptions about the need for vaccines, and some of the social demographic variables such as level of education, race or age, political beliefs, and broad cultural and religious beliefs. Furthermore, regarding what the government has done to ensure a high vaccine uptake, the research expects to have critical strategies such as creating awareness through education and ensuring that the public adequately trusts the healthcare system.
References
Ackah, B. B. B. et al., 2022. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Africa: a scoping review. Global Health Research and Policy volume, 7(21).
Ahmad, S., Wasim, S., Irfan, S. & Gogoi, S., 2019. Qualitative v/s. Quantitative Research- A Summarized Review. J. Evid. Based Med, 6(43), pp. 2828-2832.
Bloomfield, J. & Fisher, M. J., 2019. Quantitative research design. Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses, 22(2), pp. 27-30.
Braun, V., Clarke, V., Boulton, E. & Davey, L., 2021. The online survey is a qualitative research tool. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 24(6), pp. 641-654.
Creswell, J. & Creswell, J., 2017. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.. 4th Edition ed. Newbury Park.: Sage.
Lazarus, J.V., Wyka, K., White, T.M., et al. (2023). A survey of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 23 countries in 2022. Nature Medicine, 29(2), 366-375. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02185-4
McCready, J. L., Unsworth, J. & Nichol, B., 2023. Understanding the barriers and facilitators of vaccine hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers and healthcare students worldwide: An Umbrella Review. PLoS One., 18(4), p. e0280439.
SÜRÜCÜ, L. & MASLAKÇI, A., 2020. VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(3), p. 2694–2726.
write