Patient Assessment: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD is a common pulmonary condition causing restricted airflow and respiratory problems. This chronic inflammatory condition involves lung parenchyma, airways, and pulmonary vasculature (Soriano et al., 2018). The pathophysiology process of COPD involves protease-antiprotease imbalances and oxidative stress. Emphysema is defined as a structural change seen in COPD where there is obstructive physiology due to ... Read More
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