Introduction
In 2005, a brand new reality TV series was delivered on A&E referred to as “Intervention,” which showed the horrific struggles of humans addicted to positive substances. The show’s top-notch format portrays the emotional depth of orchestrating interventions for their loved ones to improve dependence. Episode 11 of Season 1, titled “David: The storyline “Heroin and Crack Cocaine,” makes a specialty of a person with the aid of the name of David, elderly 31. The episode shows how the series is portrayed, showing some of the scale surrounding dependency and how interventions can transform people with dependency problems.
David’s Story
David’s tumultuous journey towards addiction began throughout his childhood when he began using marijuana. The lust for more potent drugs like heroin and cocaine caught up with him in his youngness. This downfall happened quickly, leaving him without a function, domestic and social members of the family with friends and a circle of relatives. Finally, in a critical episode, David’s loved ones decide to take topics into their arms because this case is severe. This downfall happened quickly, leaving him without a function, domestic and social members of the family with friends and a circle of relatives.
The episode explores the intricate process of David’s journey towards complete recovery. He has to combat the physical as well as the psychic pressure of addiction and resurrect his life destroyed by the drug. The tale unwinds as David struggles with the immense shift required to shake off the habit and the enormous challenge of piecing together broken ties. The representation is an accurate picture of how addiction takes a toll on such a person, leaving a trail of destruction around them. Though the story is unique, it highlights the universal experiences and challenges of rehabilitation. Such an intervention becomes a milestone for David, who is fighting to regain control of his life in the process of moving towards a happy, sober future.
Theoretical models of addiction
Different theoretical models of addiction explain the complicacies of substance abuse. David’s story fits into the two commonly known ones- the disease and bio-psycho-social models. Substance abuse is an intricate concept, and several theoretical models of addiction offer an avenue of comprehension through which they make sense of it.
Disease Model
The disorder model of addiction perspectives substance dependence as a continual, innovative disease that is characterized by remissions and exacerbations. This manner permits us to peer the consequences that dependency has in the neurobiological systems affecting David’s behavior. The disorder version meditates on David’s way into addiction and highlights his adventure of being an addict. A dramatic example of such a loss of management is validated via David’s repeated, compulsive use of materials he turned into conscious, which can be dangerous. This lack of manipulation is due to modifications inside the reward machine of the mesolimbic dopamine pathways, which shape the premise of the sickness model. This takes place because substance use takes over this neural pathway, causing an overwhelming urge to ingest tablets regardless of bad outcomes. David’s suggested tolerance for heroin and crack cocaine, which bureaucracy is a first-rate part of his revel in, suits the disease version. Tolerance is a way of getting used to or diminishing the effect of the substance, inflicting one to need a better dose to reap the preferred result (Chang et al., 2023). This improved tolerance is indicative of David’s mind’s biochemical adjustments because of consistent drug and alcohol use. As the mind becomes accustomed to the effects of drugs, it produces fewer signals for each dose.
This disorder version highlights neurobiological changes as a basis for the recurrent and cyclic pattern of addiction. These adjustments in brain characteristics emerge as a massive obstacle for David and others like him who want to prevent taking capsules. The recognition of dependence as a disease also highlights the significance of medical interventions, for example, drugs that aim at neural pathways that cause cravings to stop or at least reduce them to help one’s sobriety process run smoothly. Essentially, the disease model is an elaborate model that explains the complexity of addiction in the brain. David’s tale embodies the difficulties linked to neurobiological changes that often arise in drug addicts (Chang et al., 2023). It underlines the necessity of measures directed at the biological aspect of substance use to enhance the efficiency of remedies.
Biopsychosocial Model
In the stark evaluation of the singular attention on neurobiology in the disorder version, the biopsychosocial model provides a holistic attitude, positing that dependency is manufactured from complicated interactions between various factors: genetic, biological, psychological, and social. David’s story certainly captures the biopsychosocial version and explains his adventure toward addiction. This model consists of David’s predisposition closer to dependency as its essential element. There is evidence of hereditary linkage for addiction; a private family history that incorporates substance abuse can create genetic sensitization, which might also boost susceptibility to dependency (Ceceli et al., 2022). His enjoyment of torture and abuse can be linked to 1 genetic precondition. Such demanding reports may also negatively affect mental fitness, and now and then, human beings are looking for drugs to overcome them.
Additionally, the biopsychosocial model recognizes the impact of socio-demographic factors on substance abuse. Poverty and joblessness constitute significant social pressures on David that form part of the addiction storyline. The complex relationship between the economic problems he faced and the unemployment that resulted in them affected his substance abuse. The addiction is not always the result of independent decisions; it is the part of the whole lifestyle. One of the most essential characteristics of this concept is an individualized approach to patients’ treatment. This model emphasizes the need for differentiated interventions because of the complexity of addiction. Therefore, an all-inclusive treatment strategy for David should include genetics education, trauma-driven psychotherapy, and social programs geared towards alleviating this problematic phenomenon in his life. The biopsychosocial model is a complicated way of thinking about addiction and how it develops and manifests (Chang et al., 2023). This model forms the basis of specific and comprehensive interventions addressing the subtle net of variables underlining addiction as a consequence of complex circumstances in the life of a person.
Integration of Models in David’s Case
The interaction of the disease and biopsychosocial models in David’s addiction narrative. His compulsory substance use is illuminated by the disease model, along with the difficulties he had to overcome when trying to escape from its grip. At the same time, the biopsychosocial model explains the situation of David being an addict as a whole context, which includes genetic vulnerabilities, emotional trauma, and life difficulties, which finally led him to his complex relationship with addiction.
Treatment Implications
David’s understanding of these models is integral to his treatment. The disease model implies an emphasis on treating the neurobiological aspect of the problem via rewards system-based interventions. This includes medication-assisted treatments aimed at managing cravings and withdrawal. Moreover, the biopsychosocial model underlines the importance of an all-inclusive and personalized course of therapy. Therapies related to trauma addressing, mental health counselling, and intervention for socio-economic problems are integral parts of David’s recovery pathway. Essentially, the combination of these models acknowledges that addiction is a complex condition. According to the disease model, the disorder is neurobiological and requires medical attention. In contrast, the biopsychosocial model looks at the multifaceted relationship between genes, emotions, and society, suggesting that a comprehensive course of action would be most effective (Ceceli et al., 2022). Recovering for David is quite complex, requiring an approach based on a precise comprehension of the brain mechanisms of addiction, as well as addressing the overall setting that underlies his struggles.
DSM-V Criteria and Diagnosis
DSM-V is the central manual used by mental health professionals in classifying mental disorders, including the necessary criteria for the diagnosis of substance use disorder. Concerning David’s case, he is found to have met eleven out of 11 DSM-V criteria for substance use disorder, which indicates a severe physiological dependency feature. These include drug- and driving-related accidents as well as arrests due to drug- and driving-related offences and others that signify the prevalence of David’s drug addiction within many areas of his life. The DSM-V criteria provide a helpful outline for diagnosing substance use disorders as well as providing guidelines on the degree and intricacies of these conditions, which assures uniform application while at the same time remaining clinically focused.
According to the DSM-V, David has a severe substance use disorder that is accompanied by physiological dependence. He has a repeated habit of excessive substance abuse even though he is aware of the harmful effects. This shows that there is an absence of restraint in his conduct. As tolerance to heroin and crack cocaine is demonstrated in the way of needing more dosage to get an effect, it correlates with biological changes in the brain that take place during addiction. In addition, David uses drugs in dangerous physical settings, demonstrating poor judgment and daredevil activity. The chronic choice to reduce or control substance use, coupled with unsuccessful efforts in this regard, highlights his war to manage his dependency autonomously. The vast amount of time spent acquiring, the use of, or getting better from substances underscores the centrality of his addiction in each day’s activities.
David’s substance use has led to the abandonment of essential social, occupational, and leisure sports, emphasizing the far-accomplishing outcomes of his disease. Additionally, his persistent substance use, no matter cognizance of continual bodily and mental problems, further characterizes the severity of his dependency. The presence of craving or a strong preference to use substances signifies the psychological grip that addiction has on David (Clair, 2020). Overall, the DSM-V criteria collectively set up a prognosis of extreme substance use illness with physiological dependence for David, necessitating entire and concentrated interventions for his recovery.
Conclusion
This final journey gives us an example of how complicated dependency can be for many different persons in the end. The position of theoretical styles, particularly biopsychosocial contaminations can help understand the related extrinsic complications. In that respect, David’s case falls in line with the definition of his addiction, pointing out that the dependence has lasted for a very long time and occurred frequently accompanied by numerous activities such as heavy drinking and drug intake (Clare, 2020). Besides, the biopsychosocial definition puts emphasis on various conditions making for addiction like intellectual injury, inherited predetermination, and nasty life circumstance scenarios. The diagnostics lens is obtained through software application software meeting DSM-V requirements which reveal the magnitude of David’s self-defined problem. This is an indication that her struggles have scientific values. Still, in that situation, it outlines the need and possibility for individualized treatment and direction. David’s readiness to undergo interventions and treatments exemplify that one must address the exposures and think in terms of organic, mental and social dimensions. Broadly speaking, this story advocates for a compassionate and confidential way of escaping, underscoring that those like David can prevail through the trauma they undergo, reclaiming the gains they make in their lives, and entering on permanent recovery.
References
Ceceli, A. O., Bradberry, C. W., & Goldstein, R. Z. (2022). The neurobiology of drug addiction: cross-species insights into the dysfunction and recovery of the prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 276-291. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-021-01153-9
Chang, K. S., Lee, L. H., Chen, S. L., Chen, Y. C., & Yang, C. I. (2023). Factors influencing the effects of the mindfulness-based interventions of patients with substance abuse: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. Heliyon. https://www.cell.com/heliyon/pdf/S2405-8440(23)06119-4.pdf
Clair, A. H. (2020). Classification of obsessive-compulsive disorder: evolution in the DSM-V. La Revue du Praticien, 70(7), 774-776. https://europepmc.org/article/med/33739726
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