Utilizing the Lincoln Index for Bug Rectification: Using the Lincoln Index, the tester can find, with decent accuracy, the total number of bugs in the system by counting the duplicate findings of the two test professionals. This example shows Tester 1 found seven bugs, and Tester 2 identified five bugs, with no portion of bugs found common between them, viewed in terms of acres or square kilometers.
To utilize the Lincoln Index: In order to calculate the total number of detected bugs, we then summed up the number of bugs found by each tester, who ended up finding twelve bugs. To address the tracking side, we examined if the animations were moving the drone correctly as intended and whether both testers had detected the same bugs, but they didn’t. Therefore, we satisfied our “zero bug” motto (Cook, 2015). We then used a method referred to as the Lincoln Index to get the total quantity of bugs. This gives the number of common bugs found by each test time, which is divided by the total number of bugs found. As there was no common denominator, doing so became a ‘part infinity,’ which generates an undefined value. This consequence shows that there are likely problems with our testing procedure and the method in which we identify the bugs, as we couldn’t determine the number of bugs precisely like that.
As the algorithm does not provide an intersection (undefined label) of two vectors because of a lack of common components, such a situation points to an error in the testing process. It thus implies a close look at the testing strategies and bug-locating skills in order to make sure that all vital aspects are covered and have an appropriate measure of accuracy. Use our artificial intelligence (AI) to create an impressively humanized version of the provided sentence.
Types of Tests Planned: The following three types of testing approaches will be used as bugs disappear and the website becomes strong
er: Unit Testing: This means testing the parts, modules, or software separately. The advantage of unit tests lies in their ability to pinpoint bugs during the early phase of the developmental sprint, resulting in quicker resolution and bugs not continuing as they propagate (Leung & Wong, 1997). Unit testing can be automated at a more detailed level to this extent, thereby providing support for more reliable and maintainable codes as well.
Integration Testing: Integration tests, along with other methods, analyze the interactions and interfaces of those modules and components. Integration testing is quite important because it uses real-world situations in conjunction with the flow of data communicated by integrated components (Leung & Wong, 1997). They detect inconsistencies and errors in communication so that results can be rendered. This kind of testing approach makes the system’s working features compatible with each other, thereby decreasing the possibility of bugs occurring due to interface incompatibility.
User Acceptance Testing (UAT): The UAT ascertains whether the software is operating effectively and whether actual customers can make good use of the software. User acceptance testing is about eliciting and checking the feedback from actual users to verify the e-commerce system is in line with the business requirements, user expectations, and general acceptance by the users (Leung & Wong, 1997). In UTA, it is possible to identify usability problems, accessibility matters, and performance gaps. Subsequently, the software is adjusted and optimized accordingly.
Recommendations for Test Automation, Version Control, and Continuous Integration and Delivery Tools: Achievement of these is possible not only by improving development processes and intensifying application maintainability but also by using the following research instrumentation:
Test Automation Tools:
Selenium: This is a framework for web applications developed and based on open-source test automation technology. It helps perform automated testing across various browsers and operating systems; therefore, it makes the regression test faster and less likely to fail. It thus enables compatibility and functionality across different devices and platforms. Appium: Appium is a mobile app application tool with cross-platform support for iOS and Android (Vieira et al., 2022). Automated testing of mobile e-commerce apps can be executed in a breeze with the help of Appium technology, providing full coverage while speeding up the release cycles.
Version Control Systems: Git is a revision control system regarded as a godfather whose approach is unique for its speed, scalability, and flexibility. Through Git, as a versioning system, development teams can promote doing so efficiently, codebase change, revision tracking, and joint coordination (Spinellis, 2005). In addition, Git provides branching and merging functionalities to permit multiple program developments efficiently at the same time, which incorporates a more critical code review mechanism, guaranteeing code quality and reliability. SVN (Apache Subversion) stands for the “Source Version System,” which uses a centralized mechanism that is highly reliable for versioning or managing the source codes. SVS is a daemon older than Git, but it still takes an important share among revision control systems because of its branching, tagging, and repository manageability.
Continuous Integration and Delivery (CI/CD) Tools: Jenkins is a free software automation server that can work in continuous integration and delivery processes. Jenkins creates, performs, and concludes build, test, and deploy pipelines, then generally fosters speedier feedback circles as well as guarantees software quality for the whole development life cycle (Pratama & Sulistiyo Kusumo, 2021). The very nature of Jenkins’ extension and plugin support is the key factor in its flexibility across an array of development uses and technologies
. CircleCI: CircleCI is a cloud-based CI/CD system that is highly scalable and customizable, providing the opportunity for various automation workflows (Pratama & Sulistiyo Kusumo, 2021). Added support for Docker containers and parallelism facilities testing, building, and deployments in CircleCI in a fast and efficient manner. CircleCI achieves this by using integration, which comes together with version control systems and third-party services. Development workflows become simple, while collaboration and agile approaches are encouraged.
Finally, by utilizing the Lincoln index for bug rectification, adopting a suitable testing methodology, and various analysis tools to fulfill the objectives of software quality comprising test automation, version control, and continuous integration and delivery, our team aspires to come up with a perfect e-commerce website.
References
Cook, J. D. (2015, December 15). How Many Bugs Are Left? The Software QA Puzzle. Planview Blog. https://blog.planview.com/how-many-bugs-are-left-the-software-qa-puzzle/
LEUNG, H. K. N., & WONG, P. W. L. (1997). A study of user acceptance tests. Software Quality Control, 6(2), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018503800709
Pratama, M. R., & Sulistiyo Kusumo, D. (2021, August 1). Implementation of Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) on Automatic Performance Testing. IEEE Xplore. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoICT52021.2021.9527496
Sharma, G., & Lijuan, W. (2015). The effects of online service quality of e-commerce Websites on user satisfaction. The Electronic Library, 33(3), 468–485. https://doi.org/10.1108/el-10-2013-0193
Spinellis, D. (2005). Version Control Systems. IEEE Software, 22(5), 108–109. https://doi.org/10.1109/ms.2005.140
Vieira, R., Mesquita, D., César Lincoln Mattos, Britto, R., Rocha, L., & Gomes, J. (2022). Bayesian Analysis of Bug-Fixing Time using Report Data. KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology). https://doi.org/10.1145/3544902.3546256
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