Introduction
In today’s rapidly evolving landscape, innovation and change have emerged as quintessential drivers of progress, resilience, and competitiveness across various sectors. Our ever-changing world requires businesses to adjust to survive and actively pursue change. This article explores the relationship between context and climate, an essential factor in determining the course of innovation and development (Tidd and Bessant, 2014, p. 11). Understanding the complex interplay between context and climate is crucial to achieving desirable results because it is the bedrock upon which innovation and change are constructed.
The setting in which an endeavor is carried out is fundamental to its success or failure. The innovation process is like painting on a canvas, with the economic climate, technology developments, market dynamics, regulatory frameworks, and cultural norms all serving as the background colors. At the same time, an organization’s culture can either encourage or stifle the development of bold new ideas (Zaoui et al., 2021). This environment is shaped by several factors, including leadership practices, communication norms, employee engagement, and learning cultures, and it guides the direction of innovation and change initiatives.
This essay aims to critically examine the relationship between innovation and change and the environment in which they thrive. This essay seeks to reveal the role of context and climate in determining the success of innovation and change projects through an investigation of theoretical foundations, practical tools, and real-world examples (Tegethoff et al., 2022). The essay will thoroughly comprehend this mutually beneficial relationship by investigating how external influences affect creativity and how organizational climates promote or stifle innovation. This essay will peel back a new layer of this dynamic interplay with each paragraph, ultimately demonstrating how much of an impact environment has on the course of innovation and progress (Tidd, 2021). In this journey through innovation and change, various companies and their histories have illustrated the theoretical and practical relationships between context, climate, and innovation.
Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia show how extreme vision and open innovation can transform society. Wikipedia exceeded traditional encyclopedic models by adopting an innovation strategy harmonizing with external partnerships, demonstrating how contextual adjustments impact innovation trajectories (Breunig and Skjølsvik, 2020). Nokia Solutions and Networks’ Fabian Schlage shows how open innovation drives success. Internal and external expertise, combined in a collaborative environment, led to breakthroughs ranging from incremental improvements to fundamental revolutions. Samasource shows how context and climate can solve social problems. Samasource used the 4P Framework to combine social impact and financial goals to promote meaningful work and social responsibility (Baregheh, Carey and O’Connor, 2022). Suzana Moreira’s MoWo Social Innovation gives this story a human touch by showing how a culture of social good innovation may foster an individual’s drive to change. Ray Anderson and Interface demonstrate the interdependence of incremental and radical environmental innovation. Interface accomplished short-term gains and long-term transformations by strategically using these principles in a sustainability-focused organization (Blanc et al., 2021).
In conclusion, context and climate shape innovation and transformation. The essay has shown how innovation strategy, the 4P Framework, and incremental vs. radical innovation shape enterprises and society by anchoring the exploration in theoretical frameworks. These companies and theories intertwine as threads in innovation’s evolution, highlighting the undeniable influence of context and climate on innovation’s course and emphasizing that the harmony between these forces is the crescendo that propels innovation and changes toward meaningful impact.
Exploiting open innovation and strategic alliances
The commercial and technological worlds are constantly shifting, making it difficult for companies to innovate and maintain their competitive edge. Organizations using external ideas and collaborations to drive innovation should focus on open innovation and strategic alliances (Tidd and Bessant, 2014, p. 14). The significance of these methods for successful innovation is explored in this theme, with examples drawn from the author’s own experience. When it comes to using external expertise and resources to fuel innovation, open innovation and strategic alliances are crucial tactics for organizations.
The examples of Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia, Fabian Schlage and Nokia Solutions and Networks, and Frank Piller and his research on mass customization show how important external relationships are to the success of innovative ventures (Brink, 2022). In the instance of Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales revolutionized the idea of information sharing by launching a collaborative online platform to which people worldwide could contribute and exchange knowledge. Collaborations with leading companies facilitated the incorporation of state-of-the-art technology and design into Fabian Schlage’s revolutionary lock systems (Bonaccorsi et al., 2020). The success of Nokia Solutions and Networks can be largely attributed to the partnerships the company has forged with other major players in the telecommunications industry. In his study of mass customization, Frank Piller showed how corporations like Adidas tailor their wares to each customer by soliciting feedback and suggestions.
Open innovation is best represented by Fabian Schlage’s experience at Nokia Solutions and Networks (NSN). Under Schlage’s direction, NSN, a provider of telecommunications solutions worldwide, championed open innovation and encouraged cross-departmental partnerships. To Schlage, collaboration with startups, clients, and academic institutions was just as important as traditional RandD (Xing and Vetter, 2020). This method not only sped up the creation of new ideas but also gave NSN access to new and varied points of view. Through open innovation, NSN was able to incorporate new concepts, technologies, and market research findings. By setting an example of leadership in encouraging teamwork, Schlage showed that open innovation could flourish in a culture that recognized the importance of outside ideas and used them to fuel the company’s success.
Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia: A Case of Open Innovation and Innovation Strategy
The tale of Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia is a compelling example of open innovation fueled by a deliberate innovation strategy. By applying the lens of innovation strategy, we can unravel how their alliance and innovation choices influenced the success of Wikipedia, shedding light on the alignment between their strategies and the nature of open innovation (Tidd and Bessant, 2014, p. 70).
Alignment with Innovation Focus
With an eye toward innovation, Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia set out on a path. Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia that anyone can edit, was founded on the revolutionary idea that everyone could contribute to and benefit from. In contrast to conventional encyclopedias, this method marked a break from merely tweaking an already successful formula (Vetter, 2020). Wikipedia’s open innovation approach was predicated on laying the groundwork for game-changing information-sharing shifts.
Incremental vs. Radical Innovations
There’s no denying the radical nature of Wikipedia’s open innovation model. They advocated for a fundamental change in the processes through which new information was generated and made available (Reagle and Koerner, 2020). Wikipedia’s groundbreaking model of information co-creation was made possible by its open invitation to a wide variety of contributors, who worked together to create an Encyclopedia.
Impact on Success
Wikipedia’s enormous success can be directly attributed to its founders’ decision to prioritize radical innovation through open collaboration. Wikipedia’s unprecedented success in content generation and distribution can be attributed to its innovative methods. This is consistent with the principles of open innovation, which hold that ideas from outside the company ultimately drive progress and challenge the status quo (Konieczny, 2021). Thus, Wikipedia’s pursuit of radical breakthroughs was inextricably linked to the success of its open innovation model.
Risk and Rewards
Wikipedia’s approach to open innovation was plagued with serious dangers. The difficulty of preserving a high standard of content was highlighted by the decision to open the wiki to unrestricted contributions and edits from anyone in the world (Menking, Erickson and Pratt, 2019). However, the benefits of a large and varied body of knowledge outweighed the dangers considerably. By carefully weighing the potential costs and benefits of democratizing knowledge production, Wikipedia made open innovation a more alluring and practical path.
Long-Term Viability
Wikipedia’s long-term success was greatly influenced by its commitment to innovation. The revolutionary breakthrough of open cooperation produced a sustainable performance edge. Wikipedia’s success can be largely attributed to its concept of information co-creation, which has made it an unrivaled resource in the digital age (Miquel-Ribé, 2019). Wikipedia’s continued success indicates its innovation strategy’s longevity and ability to adapt to long-term issues, despite the emergence of obstacles like vandalism and worries over accuracy.
The story of Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia illustrates the complex relationship between innovation strategy and the pursuit of radical innovation within the context of open innovation. Wikipedia’s open innovation flourished thanks to careful prioritization, an openness to radically new ideas, and a cautious weighing of potential benefits and drawbacks (McGrady, 2020). Wikipedia’s continued success demonstrates how a fresh perspective, backed by a well-thought-out plan, can bring about game-changing innovations that leave a lasting impression on knowledge production.
Their ability to successfully leverage third-party knowledge and assets is on display in these examples. The collaborative nature of these businesses fits naturally within the context of fast-paced technological progress, where it is crucial to draw on a wide range of expertise and perspectives (Rijshouwer, 2019). Organizations may adapt to and even shape the changing technology world through open innovation and strategic alliances, which provide them access to ideas and resources outside their internal capacities. In each of these instances, the team worked together to solve the problem, demonstrating the significance of an environment that encourages teamwork, open dialogue, and sharing ideas.
The successes in these examples illustrate how open innovation and strategic alliances may flourish in settings that encourage teamwork and adapt to shifting conditions. Organizational cultures that encourage collaboration and welcome innovation complement these tactics, allowing them to maximize their potential.
Social Innovation
More and more businesses are realizing that social innovation may help them succeed while simultaneously addressing the world’s complex social and economic problems. The importance of context and organizational dedication to social responsibility are explored as they pertain to the dynamics of social innovation shown through real-world situations (Tidd and Bessant, 2014, p. 66 ).
Organizational commitment to social responsibility has a significant impact on social innovation, which is an organizational approach that makes use of the contextual landscape to address societal concerns. Examples such as M-PESA, Samasource, and Suzana Moreira show how social innovation can efficiently meet critical societal challenges. Kenyans who did not have easy access to traditional banking systems found their lives revolutionized by M-PESA, a mobile-based financial service (Onsongo, 2019). Samasource’s online platform for freelancers helped underprivileged people all around the world find new ways to make a living. The lack of access to clean water was one of the issues that Suzana Moreira’s social enterprise sought to address by giving novel solutions to underprivileged communities.
MoWo Social Innovation, founded by Suzana Moreira, exemplifies the power of one person to affect positive change in the world. Moreira addresses the issues of maternal health encountered by women in impoverished regions by creating MoWo’s low-cost maternal care kits. MoWo exemplifies the potential of human actions to bring about positive change by meeting a pressing social need by providing easily accessible and hygienic alternatives (Markus and Nan, 2020). The work of Suzana Moreira is an example of social innovation and personal accountability. Moreira’s work shows how individual actions can lead to significant social change, encouraging others to feel a responsibility to work for a better world by doing their part.
M-PESA: Balancing Social Impact and Financial Goals through the 4P Framework
Insight into how organizations can effectively balance their social impact with financial aims utilizing the 4P Framework (People, Planet, Profit, and Purpose) is provided by the case of M-PESA, a mobile-based banking service in Kenya (Tidd and Bessant, 2014, p. 27).. Using this model. The essay can dissect how M-PESA struck the fine balance between social innovation and financial success by including purpose-driven projects while being profitable.
Balancing Social Impact and Profitability through the 4P Framework
People
The key to M-PESA’s success was its capacity to fill a critical gap in Kenyan society by making banking services available to the country’s unbanked and underbanked citizens. M-PESA’s ability to meet its users’ financial demands has profoundly affected their economic well-being.
Planet
M-PESA’s digital character contributed to a lesser carbon footprint than traditional banking systems, even if this was unrelated to environmental concerns. The 4P Framework’s emphasis on the planet is reflected in its proponents’ efforts to reduce paper-based transactions and physical infrastructure.
Profit
Profitability was given equal weight in M-PESA’s strategy. The service monetized itself through its enormous user base rather than just transaction fees. M-PESA enabled numerous transactions, including P2P money transfers, bill payments, and purchases at participating merchants, contributing to the service’s diversified revenue stream. The profit component of the 4P Framework was met by this method, guaranteeing the Framework’s continued sustainability (Kingiri and Fu, 2019).
Purpose
M-PESA’s overwhelming success may be traced back to its dedication to a greater goal: broadening access to financial services. M-PESA gave previously underserved groups a sense of meaning by giving them access to financial services. This passion for something greater than financial gain was crucial to its success and is consistent with the 4P Framework’s emphasis on purpose.
Integration of Purpose-Driven Initiatives and Profitability
M-PESA was able to include its mission-driven projects thanks to the 4P Framework profitably. The Framework acted as a map that helped ensure their social innovation activities didn’t go against their financial targets. Instead, there was a web of connections between them that served to strengthen one another. Individuals needing easily accessible financial services found value in M-PESA because of its mission-driven design (Rouse, Batiz-Lazo and Carbo-Valverde, 2023). M-PESA quickly gained popularity because it filled a critical societal void and is now a highly profitable venture. M-PESA succeeded without sacrificing its founding principle of broadening access to banking services since its economic motive naturally followed its social mission.
The 4P Framework offered a comprehensive perspective on how M-PESA managed to walk the line between social innovation and commercial viability. M-PESA exhibits the seamless integration of purpose-driven activities and profitability by placing a premium on people’s well-being, embracing the digital nature of their service for the planet, optimizing profitability, and rooting their efforts for a meaningful purpose. To successfully traverse the complex landscape of social innovation, where social impact and financial viability converge, an all-encompassing framework like the 4P Framework is invaluable.
The solutions to these situations’ contextual problems depend on how well their endeavors fit together. In addition, an environment that encourages caring for others substantially impacts their success. The interaction between an organization’s dedication to societal well-being and the broader contextual landscape produces an atmosphere conducive to social innovation. M-PESA, Samasource, and Suzana Moreira are all examples of successful organizations with cultures that foster innovation by inspiring their employees and other stakeholders to work towards a greater good for society. For social innovation to be effectively implemented, there must be harmony between the specific problems and the firm’s overall mission to improve society. To effectively solve crucial issues and drive long-term success, innovation must be in tune with societal requirements and fostered by an organizational climate based on social responsibility.
Sustainability and Innovation
The pursuit of sustainability innovation has evolved as a major strategy for organizations looking to secure their long-term profitability while minimizing their ecological footprint in the face of rising environmental issues. Real-world examples explore Sustainability innovation here, illuminating the complex relationship between external pressures and internal incentives to prioritize green policies and procedures (Tidd and Bessant, 2014, p. 53).
As businesses attempt to navigate the intertwined web of environmental issues, the context in which they operate, and the current organizational climate, sustainability innovation occupies a position of fundamental importance. Examples of successful sustainability-focused methods include Ray Anderson and Interface, Philips’ journey toward sustainable innovation, and the spread of Green buildings (Albert, 2019). Ray Anderson’s success in combining sustainability with key business values may be seen in his work with Interface, a global leader in modular flooring. Philips’ research into sustainable innovation has led to product improvements and demonstrated the power of integrating environmental consciousness with creativity. Meanwhile, the rise of “Green” structures exemplifies how environmental considerations are integrated into construction layout.
Ray Anderson and Interface: Pioneering Sustainability through Incremental and Radical Innovation
Interface, a global modular flooring company founded by Ray Anderson, is a case study of how incremental and radical innovation can coexist in the service of sustainability. Anderson’s strategic approach to innovation at Interface may be dissected using incremental and radical innovation (Tidd and Bessant, 2014, p. 79).
Incremental and Radical Innovation
Assessing the Nature of Innovation
The Interface has taken small and large steps towards sustainability on its path to being more eco-friendly. Anderson understood that a dramatic revamp of corporate practices was necessary for sustainability. However, he also realized that the current Framework needed to be gradually upgraded to a more sustainable state (Chen et al., 2021).
Impact on Sustainability Success
Incremental Innovation
Refining existing methods and materials to make them more eco-friendly constituted Interface’s incremental advances. For instance, they launched a program called “Cool Carpet” to cut down on the production of carpets’ carbon footprint. Without significantly impacting day-to-day business, these tweaks helped reduce Interface’s environmental footprint and demonstrated the company’s dedication to sustainability (Buhl et al., 2019).
Radical Innovation
The “Mission Zero” pledge to have no negative impact on the environment by 2020 exemplified Ray Anderson’s renowned vision for Interface. Significant modifications were implemented throughout the company to achieve this objective, such as using recycled materials, closed-loop production, and alternative energy. These groundbreaking improvements went beyond mere tweaks and ultimately reshaped Interface’s entire business strategy ((Tidd and Bessant, 2014, p. 68).
Balancing Incremental and Radical Approaches
Strategic Implementation
Anderson’s strategy demonstrated the complementary nature of both incremental and radical innovation. Small, strategic shifts helped Interface leapfrog the competition in the sustainable practices market. These successes gave the corporation additional confidence and capital to put towards even riskier, longer-term initiatives (Tiberius, Schwarzer, and Roig-Dobón, 2021).
Long-Term Viability
The Interface remained viable throughout time because it adopted both types of innovation equally. Small adjustments have a big impact on the environment very away, and that helped pave the way for bigger paradigm shifts. Thus, Interface’s sustainability efforts evolved into something much larger than a collection of patchwork solutions (Tidd and Bessant, 2014, p. 58).
The story of Ray Anderson and Interface is a striking example of the complementary nature of incremental and radical innovation in the context of sustainability. The Interface built on its already stellar reputation and paved the way for introducing more groundbreaking technologies by skillfully combining the two methodologies. The company’s long-term success and reputation as an innovator in sustainable business practices were secured by adopting this comprehensive strategy for sustainability innovation (Domínguez-Escrig et al., 2021).
The key to these cases’ viability is the skillful way they fit into the broader environmental context, driving a deliberate transition toward sustainability. The culture of these businesses is crucial in fostering and sustaining such endeavors. When an organization fosters an environment that values environmental awareness, sustainable practices can more easily be incorporated into day-to-day activities (Grashof, Hesse and Fornahl, 2021). Organizational cultures prioritizing sustainability, like those at Ray Anderson’s Interface, Philips, and green buildings, create an atmosphere where novel solutions to urgent environmental problems flourish. The overwhelming success of sustainability innovation emphasizes the crucial role of harmony between the existing setting and a corporate culture that not only accepts but enthusiastically promotes environmentally sustainable practices.
Conclusion
The context-climate symbiosis emerges as the fundamental orchestrator of success in the complex dance of innovation and change. A captivating story highlighting the centrality of these two factors has been uncovered through the investigation of three unique themes: the exploitation of open innovation and strategic alliances, social innovation, and sustainability innovation. We have explored each issue in further depth by employing several theoretical frameworks, and we have discovered how the interplay of context and climate determines the results of innovation and change.
The exploration of these topics has shed light on several important conclusions. The open innovation examples emphasized the importance of coordinating innovation plans with external collaborations to propel small-scale adjustments or major paradigm shifts. The 4P Framework highlighted the importance of balancing social impact and financial objectives, demonstrating how social innovation may achieve both. Similarly, sustainable innovation highlighted the interplay between incremental improvements and groundbreaking transformations in corporate practices, demonstrating the skillful blending of incremental and radical approaches.
As the stories in pieces build towards a climax, a common theme emerges the importance, for businesses, of creating environments that stimulate creativity and change even as they adapt to an unpredictable environment. The cases have shown convincingly that innovation and change are not standalone efforts but rather have deep roots in the environment in which they flourish. The importance of context and climate congruence in facilitating open innovation, embracing purpose-driven projects for social betterment, and embarking on a transformative sustainable journey, is evident.
These ideas are a rallying cry in an age of fast change and disruption. Companies should take a proactive stance by regularly evaluating their surroundings and internal climate. Dancing the innovation and change tango necessitates a quick and well-informed reaction to shifting contexts and the conscious creation of environments that value creativity, cooperation, and sustainability. This allows them to successfully manage the shifting corporate and social tides, ensuring their efforts continue to have an effect.
The victorious tune of innovation and change results from the symbiotic relationship between setting and atmosphere. As we wrap off this investigation, it’s worth remembering that the key to success is a firm resolve to learn the ever-shifting beat of the environment while tending to the fertile ground of an organization’s culture. These motifs provide a glimpse into the revolutionary potential of a well-aligned context and climate, which drive creativity and change toward long-term, significant effects.
References
Albert, M., 2019. Sustainable frugal innovation-The connection between frugal innovation and sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 237, p.117747. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619326071
Baregheh, A., Carey, T. and O’Connor, G., 2022. Beyond the Champion–Governance and Management of Strategic Innovation in Higher Education Teaching and Learning. In Governance and Management in Higher Education (Vol. 43, pp. 175-203). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/S2055-364120220000043011
Blanc, E., Demerutis, K., Falcón, E., Garnica, D., Padilla, G.G., Hernández, H., Magaña, O., Moro, M., Núñez, J.C., Padilla, S. and Pérez, W., 2021. Jimmy Wales. Wikipedia: saber entre todos (Magis 421). ITESO. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=L0BIEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Jimmy+Wales+and+Wikipedia+&ots=5n_R5aR4XC&sig=Eb1ziOoabhUuhgf3kFo9q6jqSsk
Bonaccorsi, A., Chiarello, F., Fantoni, G. and Kammering, H., 2020. Emerging technologies and industrial leadership. A Wikipedia-based strategic analysis of Industry 4.0. Expert Systems with Applications, 160, p.113645. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417420304693
Breunig, K. J. and Skjølsvik, T., 2020. Understanding the strategy-innovation link in an era of disruptions. https://oda.oslomet.no/oda-xmlui/bitstream/handle/10642/9371/TIMReview_2020_August+-+1.pdf?sequence=1
Brink, T., 2022. Organizing to enable strategic innovation means horizontal leadership for dualities of stability and change. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 27(1), 37-60. https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJBIR.2022.120413
Buhl, A., Schmidt-Keilich, M., Muster, V., Blazejewski, S., Schrader, U., Harrach, C., Schäfer, M. and Süßbauer, E., 2019. Design thinking for sustainability: Why and how design thinking can foster sustainability-oriented innovation development. Journal of cleaner production, 231, pp.1248-1257. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652619317950
Buschow, C. and Suhr, M., 2022. Change management and new organizational forms of content creation. In Media and Change Management: Creating a Path for New Content Formats, Business Models, Consumer Roles, and Business Responsibility (pp. 381-397). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-86680-8_21
Chen, M., Weng, Y., Semple, K., Zhang, S., Jiang, X., Ma, J., and Dai, C. 2021. Sustainability and innovation of bamboo winding composite pipe products. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 144, 110976. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032121002689
Domínguez-Escrig, E., Broch, F.F.M., Alcamí, R.L. and Gómez, R.C., 2021. Leaders who empower: a gateway to radical innovation. Journal of Management & Organization, 27(5), pp.930-947. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-management-and-organization/article/leaders-who-empower-a-gateway-to-radical-innovation/D5CFC00CE1BB87F477D9A2D7EBEA7D18
Freixanet, J. and Rialp, J., 2022. Disentangling the relationship between internationalization, incremental and radical innovation, and firm performance. Global Strategy Journal, 12(1), pp.57-81. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/gsj.1412
Grashof, N., Hesse, K. and Fornahl, D., 2021. Radical or not? The role of clusters in the emergence of radical innovations. In Rethinking Clusters (pp. 26-45). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003130222-2/radical-role-clusters-emergence-radical-innovations-nils-grashof-kolja-hesse-dirk-fornahl
Kingiri, A.N. and Fu, X., 2019. Understanding the diffusion and adoption of digital finance innovation in emerging economies: M-Pesa money mobile transfer service in Kenya. Innovation and Development. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/shareview/10.1080/2157930X.2019.1570695
Konieczny, P., 2021. From Adversaries to Allies? The Uneasy Relationship between Experts and the Wikipedia Community. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation, 7(2), pp.151-170. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405872621000356
Markus, M.L. and Nan, W.V., 2020. Theorizing the connections between digital innovations and societal transformation: learning from the case of M-Pesa in Kenya. Handbook of digital innovation, pp.64-82. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=jVjwDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA64&dq=Mpesa+as+social+innovation+&ots=4iWCS8YyFx&sig=toj15m54fxFFdu6RnepszqQZXKU
McGrady, R.D., 2020. Consensus-based encyclopedic virtue: Wikipedia and the production of authority in encyclopedias. North Carolina State University. https://search.proquest.com/openview/cdd7e676217687282f898450166a671f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=51922&diss=y
Menking, A., Erickson, I. and Pratt, W., 2019, May. People who can take it: How women Wikipedians negotiate and navigate safety. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-14). https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3290605.3300702
Miquel-Ribé, M., 2019. The Sum of Human Knowledge? Not in One Wikipedia Language Edition. Wikipedia@ 20. https://assets.pubpub.org/uusg9p2w/6c5a414d-14a1-4a28-9d6b-8e2b48c4d0b2.pdf
Onsongo, E., 2019. Institutional entrepreneurship and social innovation at the base of the pyramid: the case of M-Pesa in Kenya. Industry and Innovation, 26(4), pp.369-390. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13662716.2017.1409104
Reagle, J. and Koerner, J., 2020. Wikipedia@ 20: Stories of an incomplete revolution. The MIT Press. https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/43467
Rijshouwer, E., 2019. Organizing Democracy: Power concentration and self-organization in the evolution of Wikipedia. https://repub.eur.nl/pub/113937/
Rouse, M., Batiz-Lazo, B., & Carbo-Valverde, S. (2023). M-Pesa and the role of the entrepreneurial state in a cashless technology to deliver an inclusive financial sector. Essays in Economic & Business History, 41(1), 109-133. https://www.ebhsoc.org/journal/index.php/ebhs/article/view/438
Tegethoff, T., Santa, R., Schluep, I., Fernando Morante, D. and Cruz, M.L., 2021. The challenges of strategic innovation: achieving operational effectiveness in developing countries. International Journal of Innovation Management, 25(03), p.2150031. https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1363919621500316
Tiberius, V., Schwarzer, H. and Roig-Dobón, S., 2021. Radical innovations: Between established knowledge and future research opportunities. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 6(3), 145-153. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2444569X20300354
Tidd, J. and Bessant, J., 2014. Strategic Innovation Management (1st ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 9781118863381.
Tidd, J., 2021. A review and critical assessment of the ISO56002 innovation management systems standard: Evidence and limitations. International Journal of Innovation Management, 25(01), p.2150049. https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1363919621500493
Vetter, M.A., 2020. 19 Possible Enlightenments: Wikipedia’s Encyclopedic Promise and Epistemological Failure. :: Wikipedia@ 20. https://assets.pubpub.org/1cho5dt3/b734391a-0d2e-4379-aea9-e5726b3ea4b7.pdf
Xing, J. and Vetter, M., 2020. Editing for equity: Understanding instructor motivations for integrating cross-disciplinary Wikipedia assignments. First Monday. https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/10575
Zaoui, S., Hamou-ou-Brahim, S.A., Zhou, H., Omrane, A. and Huang, D., 2021. Consumer purchasing behavior towards strategic innovation management practices in Morocco during COVID-19 health crisis. FIIB Business Review, 10(2), pp.158-171. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/23197145211020714