The heart is one organ that receives dual innervation, and when the brain is startled quickly, Adrenaline is released. The body immediately enters “fight-or-flight” mode as a result of this, prompting the heart to beat rapidly and rhythmically. Early in the morning, the heart experiences several physiological changes. The ANS manages physiological processes. These physiological occurrences include elevated blood pressure and heart rate. The release of Adrenaline from the adrenal glands to aid the body’s reaction to stress is signaled by the sympathetic nerves’ activation in the morning. The heart also beats rapidly to supply the body’s organs with the required oxygen. This clarifies the reason why heart attacks often occur during the morning hours. Thus, this paper will explain ANS’s role in controlling the heart’s activities.
When frightened by my neighbor, three primary biological changes happened in my heart. One is an increased heartbeat; the second is accelerated blood pressure and increased pulse rate. The biological changes can be correlated to the release of the hormone adrenaline by the adrenal glands (Pocock, 2016). Notably, when you experience a sudden surprise, the brain automatically triggers the release of a surge of Adrenaline. As such, there is an increased heart rate in response, exposing the body to a “fight-or-flight” mode (Tortora & Derrickson,2016). During this time, the Adrenaline released prepares the body for the fight mode through the gathering of energy by converting glycogen to glucose and accelerating the activities of the muscles. Also, the Adrenaline triggers the release of cortisol, which makes the body ready for action by improving muscle growth and performing protein synthesis (Pocock, 2016). Besides, Adrenaline has been correlated with the release of catecholamines; there are two types norepinephrine and dopamine. In this case, when I was surprised by my friend, I released the chemical dopamine, which is responsible for arousal and happiness. In contrast, norepinephrine is responsible for increased blood pressure and heart rate.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is in charge of hemostasis; it is the primary control of the body’s internal environment. ANS controls the body’s internal environment through two systems that work in contrast (Pocock, 2016). The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems prepare the body to respond to stressors by increasing and slowing heart rates.
The somatic nervous system is composed of nerves that go to the sensory organs, the skin, and the muscles. At the same time, the autonomic nervous system is composed of nerves that connect the CNS to the visceral structures, such as the heart, stomach, and intestines. Consequently, the autonomic nerves are a type of efferent nerves. The nerves play an active role in innervating smooth muscles. While on the other hand, Somatic nerves are afferent nerves that innervate skeletal muscles(Tortora &Derrickson,2016). On a similar note, the autonomic nerves form the autonomic nervous system essential for involuntary actions of the body; in contrast, the somatic nerves form the somatic nervous system and are in charge of voluntary actions of the body. Overall, the ANS must balance the body’s internal environment. This is achieved by inhibiting or activating different parts of the body to make the relevant response to the stimulus.
In conclusion, the ANS is the primary organ that balances the internal environment. The ANS can give the appropriate response for any action or stimulus detected. This ensures that the body functions regularly.
References
Tortora, G.J., Derrickson, B. (2016). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (15th ed.). J. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-119-34373-8.
Pocock, G. (2016). Human Physiology (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-0-19-856878-0.
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