Fernández, C., Vicente, M. A., Carrillo, I., Guilabert, M., & Mira, J. J. (2020). Factors Influencing the Smartphone Usage Behavior of Pedestrians: Observational Study on “Spanish Zombies.” Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e19350. https://doi.org/10.2196/19350
Indeed, one of the downfalls seen as a result of the smartphone invention is the increase in entitlement. In their article, Fernandez et al. (2020) examine some factors that influenced smartphone usage behaviors among several pedestrians and determine some interventions that should be reviewed in response to accident prevention. In their study, the authors carried out an observational study of pedestrians in the Spanish city of Elche, which was inhibited by around 230,000 individuals (Fernandez et al., 2020). Data relating to gender, age group, locations, and smartphone types were then gathered using a specified smartphone application. The data that showed the highest reliability was then recorded. Chi-square tests and Cramer’s V statistical tools were then used to measure the statistical significance and size of the effects of the smartphone on pedestrians (Fernandez et al., 2020). After an in-depth analysis, the authors concluded that many pedestrians had a higher risk of getting involved in accidents while walking due to smartphone usage. The article has examined how the invention and use of smartphones have led to increased pedestrian accidents due to entitlement. Therefore, I find this article very valuable to my research study as it explains how the invention of smartphones has contributed to the rise of entitlement and change in behaviors among smartphone users.
Dwyer, R. J., Kushlev, K., & Dunn, E. W. (2018). Smartphone use undermines the enjoyment of face-to-face social interactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, pp. 78, 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.10.007
The invention of smartphones has also led to an increased inability to communicate. Dwyer et al. (2018) expound on how smartphone use undermines individuals’ enjoyment of face-to-face social interactions. In their experiment, the researchers randomly picked over 300 community members and students who were placed in a restaurant with either their friends or families to share meals with their phones on the table or placed away during the meals. The researchers found that the participants appeared to be more destructed while their phones were away, which seems t have greatly hindered their enjoyment while spending time with their families and friends. In study 2, Dwyer et al. (2018), the use of smartphones during interpersonal interactions found that the participants in their study felt more distracted and looked to have less enjoyment if they used their phones as compared to when they did not. The research is significant as it thoroughly demonstrates how smartphones undermine some benefits a person may derive while interacting with those worldwide. Therefore, I find the article valuable to my research as it explains how the invention of smartphones has resulted in the inability to communicate appropriately among individuals across the globe.
Cassella, C. (2018, August 14). New Study Shows Why You Need to Put Your Smartphone Away When Hanging with Friends. ScienceAlert. https://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-even-more-research-confirming-how-distracting-our-phones-are
The invention of smartphones has also led to a decrease in empathy toward others. Cassella (2018) expounds on smartphone addiction, stating how narcissistic individuals regularly use social media, given how much it contributes to self-obsession. According to the author, individuals with low emotional intelligence or those with problems relating to identifying and processing their emotions are more likely to use social media than those who are regularly in touch with their emotions. These people always prefer a text-based interaction with others, a situation that gives them time for their social and emotional information. The more time these individuals spend on smartphones, the less empathetic they become towards others, and the less they will be able to identify and recognize facial expressions from their colleagues. The article has expounded on smartphone addiction and its relation to empathy. I, therefore, find the article valuable to my research as it relates to the invention of smartphones and reduced sympathy among others.
Bibliography
Cassella, C. (2018, August 14). New Study Shows Why You Need to Put Your Smartphone Away When Hanging with Friends. ScienceAlert. https://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-even-more-research-confirming-how-distracting-our-phones-are
Dwyer, R. J., Kushlev, K., & Dunn, E. W. (2018). Smartphone use undermines the enjoyment of face-to-face social interactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, pp. 78, 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.10.007
Fernández, C., Vicente, M. A., Carrillo, I., Guilabert, M., & Mira, J. J. (2020). Factors Influencing the Smartphone Usage Behavior of Pedestrians: Observational Study on “Spanish Smombies.” Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e19350. https://doi.org/10.2196/19350
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