Article Number: 1
Title: “Sudan military leader accuses rival of ‘attempted coup’ as vicious fighting grips capital.”
Summary
An attempted coup against the government of Sudan resulted in the emergence of a full-blown conflict between the nation’s military and the Rapid Support Forces. Residents in the capital Khartoum have been fully exposed to the warfare. The aspect presents itself where the medical facilities, the capital city, and the presidential palace are under attack. Amid the crisis, both parties are seeking a sense of control of the capital.
Analysis
The continuous emergence of conflict in the region can be traced back to the policies implemented by colonial powers that are divide and rule. In the colonial period, it was eminent that Sudan was characterized by various ethnic settings. The implementation of policies that result in division as opposed to cohesion resulted in the ethnic society not entrusting each other. The lack of trust presents itself in the ubiquitous society. The conflicting groups that are the nation’s army and RSF, which are under the leadership of Burhan and Dagalo, who had initially collaborated in outing Omar al-Bashir in 2019, are now engaged in warfare.
Elbagir, Nima, et al. “Sudan Military Leader Accuses Rival of ‘Attempted Coup’ As Vicious Fighting Grips Capital.” CNN, 17 Apr. 2023, edition.cnn.com/2023/04/17/africa/sudan-fighting-evacuation-suspension-intl-hnk/index.html. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Article Number: 2
Title: “Top Sudan general calls coup a ‘mistake’ and vows to hand over power.”
Summary
General Dagalo of the Rapid Support Forces portrays regret of the attempted coup against the nation’s transitional government. Dagalo highlights that the drive to embark on the coup was instigated by the tyranny and corruption of the defunct regime. The derailed attempt by the existing military government in transiting to a new civilian government based on the deal signed on 5 Dec. 2021, significantly contributed to the RSF leading a coup against the military government.
Analysis
From the article, it is eminent that the difference that resulted in Dagalo’s engagement in an attempted coup can be traced back to the colonial period. The existence of unsustainable power structures that were developed by the British in Sudan results in the eminence of governments whose operations are restricted by the military realm. The various forces that were engaged in outing the former president entailed a deal of formulation of a transition government that would foster the transition to a civil government. The longevity of the process has resulted in the various forces and the entailing public distrust of the incumbent government on the realization of the move; thus the coup being regarded as a solution.
AfricaNews. “Top Sudan General Calls Coup a ‘Mistake’ and Vows to Hand over Power.” Africanews, 22 Feb. 2023, www.africanews.com/2023/02/21/top-sudan-general-calls-october-coup-a-mistake-vows-to-hand-over-power//. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Article Number: 3
Title: “Sudan: Why has fighting broken out there?”
Summary
The article provides a clear chronological flow of events before the emergence of the coup. The two parties that were involved in the coup had initially resulted at the end of President al-Bashir’s regime and established a civilian-military government. The two generals, Burhan and Dagalo, led a coup against the government, resulting in the existence of a military government. On 5 Dec. 2021, both parties embarked on the establishment of a civilian government, but over time, the talks failed. The attribute resulted in the attempted coup.
Analysis
In the text, an emerging attribute is the lack of distrust between the two generals. Over the years, the two generals have decided the fate of the Sudanese government to the extent that they have risen to the leadership realm of the nation where Dagalo is the president, and Burhan is the Vice President. Despite being in the same government, there is an existence of distrust between the two leaders, an attribute arising from the divide-and-rule policy of the British Colonial period. On the other hand, the inability of the two leaders to foster a transition to civilian government and continuous wrangles among them presents their unwillingness of them to lose the influence, wealth, and power they entail.
Ochieng, Beverly. “Sudan: Why Has Fighting Broken Out There?” BBC News, 15 Apr. 2023, www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65284948. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Article Number: 4
Title: “How the Struggle for Power in Sudan created yet another military coup.”
Summary
The turmoil being experienced in the nation is a result of conflicting military groups. The text takes an in-depth view of how the RSF came into existence. Moreover, it explores an attribute that is fostering the existence of the situation that the plan to integrate the RSF into the regular army is a contentious issue in the realization of a civilian government.
Analysis
From the text, it is eminent that the RSF was the Janjaweed militia that was deployed by then-president al-Bashir against non-Arab ethnic communities. The aspect presents the attribute of a lack of distrust among other communities. The need for the maintenance of the Islamic identity in Sudan resulted in the development of the RSF. In regards to the RSF joining the military, a contentious issue arises from the aspect of the absence of trust between the two parties. As pointed out earlier, the absence of trust in the Sudan societal realm arises from the divide-rule approach of the British regime.
ABC. “How the Struggle for Power in Sudan Created Yet Another Military Coup.” ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation), 15 Apr. 2023, www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-16/how-sudan-keeps-ending-up-with-military-coups/102227926. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Article Number: 5
Title: “Sudan factions delay post-coup deal on civilian rule.”
Summary
The article outlines the conflicting attribute of an agreement that would foster the return to the short-lived democracy. The signing of the accord is being marred by conflict based on the reform of the security forces. The deal outlines the need for RSF to be integrated into the army, an attribute that has resulted in the emergence of rivalry between Dagalo and Burhan.
Analysis
The existence of two military groups in the nation that have held onto power since 2021 presents a situation where each party demands entitlement to power. The existence of frameworks that will result in the integration of power presents a situation where one force yield power to the other, yet each party demands a part of the authorization realm. The desire for power by both the military and the RSF results in the drive for RSF to be integrated into the military realm being a contentious issue.
Al Jazeera. “Sudan Factions Delay Post-coup Deal on Civilian Rule.” Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera, 1 Apr. 2023, www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/1/sudan-factions-delay-post-coup-deal-on-civilian-rule.
Article Number: 6
Title: “Sudan: Fierce clashes erupt between army and paramilitary force.”
Summary
The text traces the fierce clash between the RSF and the military of Sudan. The emergence of the conflict in accordance with the RSF arises from the military bombing their bosses, thus the deployment of the RSF in capturing the various state resources. On the other hand, the military refutes claims of the RSF of having captured the various state resources. The text further points out that the existing situation arises from the power struggle between RSF and the military in regard to the agreement which favors the military.
Analysis
It is eminent that upon the RSF being attacked, the first step they took is capturing the various state resources, that are, the airport, the nation’s capital city, and the presidential palace. From their actions, it is eminent that they entail a desire for the nation’s power, thus capturing the essential resources of the nation. The text points out that the existence of a power struggle is exacerbated by an armed conflict. From the attribute, it is eminent that the desire of each party to rule, yet they are divided, draws the entire nation into turmoil.
MEE staff. “Sudan: Fierce Clashes Erupt Between Army and Paramilitary Forces.” Middle East Eye, 15 Apr. 2023, www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-explosions-gunfire-heard-khartoum.
Article Number: 7
Title: “Dozens Killed in Sudan Amid Fighting Between Army, Paramilitary Forces.”
Summary
In the text, an emerging attribute is the consequence of warfare. From the article, the war has resulted in the loss of life of citizenry, military personnel, and volunteers from international organizations. The international organizations have called for a cease-fire for the safe passage of the citizenry, but the conflicting parties have neglected the call with war raging on.
Analysis
It is eminent that whenever two parties are struggling for something, the affected party of the struggle is a third party that does not take part in the struggle. The attribute presents itself in the struggle between the RSF and the military, which has impacted the citizenry, which is the third party. Other than the loss of their daily livelihoods since job premises are shut down, the citizenry is faced with the risk of losing their lives if the war rages on.
Atit, Michael. “Dozens Killed in Sudan Amid Fighting Between Army, Paramilitary Forces.” VOA, 16 Apr. 2023, www.voanews.com/a/sudan-s-army-and-rival-force-battle-killing-at-least-56/7051941.html. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Article Number: 8
Title: “The Failed “Coup-Proofing” Behind the Recent Violence in Sudan.”
Summary
From the news article, the existing state of the nation can be traced back to former president al-Bashir coup proofing technique. It entails the existence of another force that would counter the military in the incidence of an uprising against the incumbent regime. The attribute saw the emergence of the RSF. Moreover, the various civil rights groups of the nation have been suppressed; thus, they entail no say at the negotiating table. The conflict between Dagalo and Burhan has resulted in the division of the nation.
Analysis
In the text, an emerging attribute is the print divide and rule framework in society. In the text, the conflicting parties have resulted in the nation being divided against ethnic lines. The riverine Arabs entail support for Burhan, while ethnic groups from the West entail support for Dagalo. Moreover, the suppression of civil groups indicates the citizenry being neglected in the running of the nation, yet a government should serve its people.
Chotiner, Isaac. “The Failed “Coup-Proofing” Behind the Recent Violence in Sudan.” The New Yorker, 20 Apr. 2023, www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-failed-coup-proofing-behind-the-recent-violence-in-sudan. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Article Number: 9
Title: “Russia’s fingerprints are on Sudan coup attempt.”
Summary
In the text, there is an exploration of Russia’s role in the conflict. The Wagner Group’s assistance to the RSF over the years was rewarded with control over gold mines in various Sudan regions by the RSF. Moreover, an inked deal between Sudan and Moscow where the RSF would facilitate the construction of a Russian Navy base, which would aid in securing oil supplies.
Analysis
From the text, an emerging attribute is Russia exploiting the conflicting parties for its benefit. The attribute can be linked to the colonial period when the various colonizers colonized the nations with the aim of retrieving various raw materials for foreign use. The aspect presents itself through Russia retrieving gold and oil from the nation as long as it serves the interest of RSF.
Cohen, Ariel. “Russia’s Fingerprints Are on Sudan Coup Attempt.” The Hill, 18 Apr. 2023, thehill.com/opinion/international/3955933-russias-fingerprints-are-on-sudan-coup-attempt/. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Article Number: 10
Title: “Sudan clashes kill at least 25 in power struggle between army, paramilitaries.”
Summary
In the text, an emerging attribute is the continuous loss of life as a result of the coup. Moreover, the Sudan military force continues to maintain its sovereignty and acclaims for not negotiating with the RSF unless they yield and join the military force.
Analysis
The suffrage associated with warfare presents itself. In addition, there is the aspect of a standoff between the two parties. The absence of an efficient conflict resolution paradigm has exacerbated the situation to the extent that the parties are unwilling to address the issue at large unless one of the parts conforms to the other party’s reprimands.
Abdelaziz, Khalid, and Nafisa Eltahir. “Sudan Clashes Kill at Least 25 in Power Struggle Between Army, Paramilitaries.” Reuters, 15 Apr. 2023, www.reuters.com/world/africa/heavy-gunfire-heard-south-sudanese-capital-khartoum-witnesses-2023-04-15/.
Works Cited
ABC. “How the Struggle for Power in Sudan Created Yet Another Military Coup.” ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation), 15 Apr. 2023, www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-16/how-sudan-keeps-ending-up-with-military-coups/102227926. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Abdelaziz, Khalid, and Nafisa Eltahir. “Sudan Clashes Kill at Least 25 in Power Struggle Between Army, Paramilitaries.” Reuters, 15 Apr. 2023, www.reuters.com/world/africa/heavy-gunfire-heard-south-sudanese-capital-khartoum-witnesses-2023-04-15/.
AfricaNews. “Top Sudan General Calls Coup a ‘Mistake’ and Vows to Hand over Power.” Africanews, 22 Feb. 2023, www.africanews.com/2023/02/21/top-sudan-general-calls-october-coup-a-mistake-vows-to-hand-over-power//. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Al Jazeera. “Sudan Factions Delay Post-coup Deal on Civilian Rule.” Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera, 1 Apr. 2023, www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/1/sudan-factions-delay-post-coup-deal-on-civilian-rule.
Atit, Michael. “Dozens Killed in Sudan Amid Fighting Between Army, Paramilitary Forces.” VOA, 16 Apr. 2023, www.voanews.com/a/sudan-s-army-and-rival-force-battle-killing-at-least-56/7051941.html. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Chotiner, Isaac. “The Failed “Coup-Proofing” Behind the Recent Violence in Sudan.” The New Yorker, 20 Apr. 2023, www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/the-failed-coup-proofing-behind-the-recent-violence-in-sudan. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Cohen, Ariel. “Russia’s Fingerprints Are on Sudan Coup Attempt.” The Hill, 18 Apr. 2023, thehill.com/opinion/international/3955933-russias-fingerprints-are-on-sudan-coup-attempt/. Accessed 4 May 2023.
Elbagir, Nima, et al. “Sudan Military Leader Accuses Rival of ‘Attempted Coup’ As Vicious Fighting Grips Capital.” CNN, 17 Apr. 2023, edition.cnn.com/2023/04/17/africa/sudan-fighting-evacuation-suspension-intl-hnk/index.html. Accessed 4 May 2023.
MEE staff. “Sudan: Fierce Clashes Erupt Between Army and Paramilitary Forces.” Middle East Eye, 15 Apr. 2023, www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-explosions-gunfire-heard-khartoum.
Ochieng, Beverly. “Sudan: Why Has Fighting Broken Out There?” BBC News, 15 Apr. 2023, www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65284948. Accessed 4 May 2023.
write