Gonzalez, Guillermina. “Try Viewing Graffiti as Art, Not Criminal Activity.” The News Journal, Mar 31, 2010. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/try-viewing-graffiti-as-art-not-criminal-activity/docview/275316818/se-2?accountid=158399.
According to the author, the art of Graffiti does not simply means art, but also it is both art and crime. Graffiti has been growing across the globe; however, it sparkles different contradictory opinions from the public. The author tries to view Graffiti as both art and criminal activity. In some areas, Graffiti is used to show up the symptoms of instability of the government and community, indicate a disorder in the state affairs, and represent a lack of social cohesion within the community. It supports that Graffiti is used uniquely in every place; for example, in Delaware, it is used to uncover socioeconomic problems and build an inclusive society, which is the positive aspect of Graffiti. However, from the article, the cost of urban property crime, which entails Graffiti and vandalism, serves as the pushing factor of fear of crime. For example, in Ottawa, Canada, the government spends $585000 annually to eradicate the practice of Graffiti, which has led to the vandalism of government-owned properties. In just estimate, Australia spends more than $200 million annually to remove and criminalize the graffiti culture. The author’s assumption to end Graffiti; anti-graffiti culture will only be thriving when people recognize the expression of the graffiti person. The article has some weaknesses; for example, it uses an estimate of the Australian spending annually to curb graffiti vandalism. The quality of the author and the paper is its strength; therefore, it can be used to support the argument.
Bloch, Stefano. “Broken Windows Ideology and the (Mis)Reading of Graffiti.” Critical Criminology, vol. 28, no. 4, 2020, pp. 703-720. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/broken-windows-ideology-mis-reading-graffiti/docview/2473203439/se-2?accountid=158399, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10612-019-09444-w.
According to the article, the criminalization of Graffiti is due to two main factors; misreading of Graffiti by the public and the government and misidentification of the authors or the graffiti writers. The broken window ideology is the promoting factor that makes the graffiti writers be viewed as the anti-gang policing strategies. According to Bloch, observation and autoethnographic analyze the graffiti gang identification protocol. It shows that graffiti writers share similarities with the gang based on their participation and style. The author identifies that graffiti writers aim to separate themselves from gangs to prevent the hostile public perception of their activities and avoid police suppression. This article will assist the government and the public in establishing policies that can be used to regulate the influence of graffiti culture. The report is enough to support the argument; it is research conducted in the last year as well the author is more prominent and known in the field of analyzing criminal activities. The article has no conflict of interest; therefore, the methodology used, such as observations, interviews, and ethnography, serve as the article’s strength.
Gabriel Ortiz van M., Bjorn S. “Graffiti takes its Own Space: Negotiating Consent and the Positioning of Street Artists and Graffiti Writers in Bogota, Colombia.” Analysis of Urban Change, Theory, Action. Vol. 23, no. 3, (2019): pp 366-387.doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2019.1646030
Another article by Gabriel criminalization of the graffiti culture by the public and the government serve as oppositional potential. The oppositional group has used graffiti arts and writers to undermine the performing government. It has been used to fuel societal discrimination and utilized by the oppositional or incumbent authority to support their interest which undermines the peace and economic stability of the country. The legalization of graffiti artist expression is one of the leading causes of decline in the counter-hegemonic essence of the art. From the article, the author believes that when graffiti art is criminalized, it will support the rebellion of graffiti writers. The article is essential for the argument because it will explain how the government establishes the policies and how the government can support and uphold responsible graffiti artists. This will help minimize the destructive effects of graffiti culture, which is the source of employment for some artists. The article is credible because the two authors have master’s and Ph.D. in Community and regional planning. They focus on the studies of urban art as; well the authors have given their address making serving as the strength of the paper. The weakness of the research was that it was conducted in cities where graffiti art had been criminalized.
Liliana, Arroyo M., and Galdon C. Gemma. “The TramArt Experience: Domesticating Graffiti in Public Transport.” Journal of Place Management and Development, vol. 9, no. 1, 2016, pp. 105-115. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/tramart-experience-domesticating-graffiti-public/docview/2154278885/se-2?accountid=158399, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-09-2015-0044.
According to Liliana’s article on prevention and control, which involves interventions and intelligence. Graffiti has undermined public transport since its origin in New York City in 1984. Soon after the coming of the graffiti culture in New York City, it was considered a petty crime that affected the passengers’ perceptions because the passengers felt insecure when their windows and the vehicles were painted. The author investigates the anti-graffiti strategies based on the rapid removal of the arts on the premises. She also concludes that graffiti culture is presumed as an act of vandalism and is studied under the criminology perspectives, considered as anti-social behavior, which is mainly classified as petty crime. To prevent the influence of Graffiti, using different strategies that combine several interventions that have the constructive approach and differentiating the targeted space will prevent Graffiti. The article is essential because it will help the government and policies formulation organization identify the primary driver of graffiti prevention surrounding the public area and transport sector. It will help the stakeholders, such as police enforcement, identify measures that can be used to curb the destructive part of graffiti culture. The article is credible to support the argument because the author has a Ph.D. in sociology, and she understands the root of social dynamics. The strength of the article is that it is a research paper conducted through interviews of the company’s managers.
Vanderveen, Gabry, and Gwen van Eijk. “Criminal but Beautiful: A Study on Graffiti and the Role of Value Judgments and Context in Perceiving Disorder.” European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, vol. 22, no. 1, 2016, pp. 107-125. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/criminal-beautiful-study-on-graffiti-role-value/docview/1775307804/se-2, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10610-015-9288-4.
According to Vanderveen’s article, graffiti art and culture are criminal but beautiful. Public perceptions of graffiti art may vary considerably between the public, and therefore they make judgments differently. According to the article, Graffiti has been called names from the urban blight to graffiti writers’ expression, while others refer to it as art crime since it plays both the part of the artists and the criminal nature. Some graffiti writers support that they use Graffiti as art while others misuse it to express their interests that undermine other people. The judgment of Graffiti as either wrong or right is based on the evaluations, which can either be positive or negative depending on the person. The author, therefore, supports the notion of clear perception of the disorder because it is on average results since some types of Graffiti are warmly welcomed and appreciated by the community while others are ignored. The article is essential because it gives the idea that underlines the relevance of the interpretation of the context, behavior, and signals before criminalizing the art of Graffiti. The author assumes that participants will participate genuinely in the evaluation. The article is credible and will support the argument since the author is prominent in the field of literature and she has produced many fiction books and journals. The article’s strength is that the actual study involves 881 sample populations that measured the evaluation of different types of Graffiti.
Boudreaux, Corrie. “Public Memorialization and the Grievability of Victims in Ciudad Juárez.” Social Research, vol. 83, no. 2, 2016, pp. 391-417,535. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-memorialization-grievability-victims/docview/1829753606/se-2?accountid=158399.
According to the article, graffiti art has been used for public memorization and grievability of the victims. The survivors use public memorization of the graffiti arts to make claims aimed at identifying claims for the cause of death of the partners. The act, therefore, has been used to undermine social and political change. The author investigates three different types of public memorization, which includes the “spontaneous” memorials; the official memorial of Villas del Salvarcar; and an embroidering movement which displays the memorials as the civic protest and does not clearly show the essence of grievability to the person or for the loss of lives. The public memorial is influenced by how the public interprets the art either as contesting or perpetuating the idea that murder victims are always guilty and will make people think that their deaths are tolerable. The research will assist in identifying the current war on Graffiti and its impact based on the racial lines. The article supports the argument because the author understands the root of social dynamics. The strength of the article is that it is a research paper that was conducted through interviews.
The research questions
- Why Is Graffiti art illegal?
- How does the formation of the policies and regulations by the government help curb Graffiti petty crime?
- What strategies can be used by the public and the law enforcement agencies to curb the anti-social behavior of Graffiti?
- How is graffiti art or vandalism?
Works Cited
Bloch, Stefano. “Broken Windows Ideology and the (Mis)Reading of Graffiti.” Critical Criminology, vol. 28, no. 4, 2020, pp. 703-720. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/broken-windows-ideology-mis-reading-graffiti/docview/2473203439/se-2?accountid=158399, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10612-019-09444-w.
Boudreaux, Corrie. “Public Memorialization and the Grievability of Victims in Ciudad Juárez.” Social Research, vol. 83, no. 2, 2016, pp. 391-417,535. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/public-memorialization-grievability-victims/docview/1829753606/se-2?accountid=158399.
Gabriel Ortiz van M., Bjorn S. “Graffiti takes its Own Space: Negotiating Consent and the Positioning of Street Artists and Graffiti Writers in Bogota, Colombia.” Analysis of Urban Change, Theory, Action. Vol. 23, no. 3, (2019): pp 366-387. doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2019.1646030
Gonzalez, Guillermina. “Try Viewing Graffiti as Art, Not Criminal Activity.” The News Journal, Mar 31, 2010. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/try-viewing-graffiti-as-art-not-criminal-activity/docview/275316818/se-2?accountid=158399.
Liliana, Arroyo M., and Galdon C. Gemma. “The TramArt Experience: Domesticating Graffiti in Public Transport.” Journal of Place Management and Development, vol. 9, no. 1, 2016, pp. 105-115. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/tramart-experience-domesticating-graffiti-public/docview/2154278885/se-2?accountid=158399, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JPMD-09-2015-0044.
Vanderveen, Gabry, and Gwen van Eijk. “Criminal but Beautiful: A Study on Graffiti and the Role of Value Judgments and Context in Perceiving Disorder.” European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, vol. 22, no. 1, 2016, pp. 107-125. ProQuest, https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/criminal-beautiful-study-on-graffiti-role-value/docview/1775307804/se-2, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10610-015-9288-4.
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