Abstract
This research project is in the dimension of police interrogation in forensic linguistics with a case study in China. From this perspective, this study investigates the intricate relationship between language, communication, and the legal system to expand and generalize our knowledge of the analytical questions as an essential tool in a criminal investigation. The multidimensional approach then takes this analysis of transcripts and recordings of actual police interviews, in which researchers can investigate subtle dimensions of language and speech patterns, into consideration, which may be indicative of deception, coercion, or information control.
The case study set in the 2004 legal landscape in China is an example of language challenges and strategies experienced in the peculiar law enforcement practices in the country. This hope is that the research study will contribute to developing effective interrogation techniques and further forensic linguistic methodologies within the criminal justice systems worldwide by analyzing the use of language, structures of discourse, and linguistic markers in depth. The findings should shed light on the cultural and linguistic dimensions affecting police interviews, thereby providing insights invaluable to practitioners and researchers in the respective interdisciplinary fields.
Introduction: Background details
Police interrogation, as an integral element of a criminal investigation, does really fall under the severe purview of forensic linguistics. In the Chinese periphery, this juxtaposition is the intricate connection of linguistic patterns, cultural dynamics, and legal backdrops. The Chinese legal system is backgrounded by the historical and cultural context shaping how law enforcers communicate with their suspects. The way people communicate with one another may directly impact or influence each individual. Most of the interest would be in 2004, a critical year examining China’s legal environment.
In this respect, forensic linguistics applied to police interrogation refers to the systematic analysis of the use of language with the aim of identifying deceptions, pressure, and mechanisms used in concealing information. In China, more specifically, linguistic nuances acquire a uniqueness that depends on cultural norms, societal expectations, and legal protocol. This research project tries to decode these intricacies by going into real-life case studies and reading through transcripts and recordings to break down the linguistic intricacies that are part and parcel of police interrogations. Through the elaborate analysis of LL, the study enlightens forensic linguistics in China, contributing valuable knowledge to the academic and law-enforcement fields.
Significance of Research
It is fundamental research as it shows detailed dynamics of Chinese police interrogation through the forensic linguistic lens. It will allow the reader to decode the linguistic signs that give a fine-grained understanding of communication strategies and deception markers in the cultural and legal context (Alduais et al., 2020). The numerous law enforcement organizations will benefit from this research. To clarify, they will consider the ethnicity of those being questioned to improve interrogations. This research will also improve forensic linguistics and raise global awareness of the complex relationship between cultures, languages, and legal frameworks in criminal investigations.
Aims and objectives
First, it looks at linguistic markers for deception, coercion, and information concealment by the police during interviews. It promotes the use and development of forensic linguistic techniques applicable to the Chinese legal system by analyzing transcripts and recordings. Secondly, it seeks to articulate the cultural and legal dynamics that influence communication strategies in police interrogation in China. Following historical, cultural, and legal reasons, the study wishes to articulate how these elements influence linguistic patterns in totality with the dynamics of the process.
Additionally, this project will seek to reveal the interrogation techniques employed by Chinese law enforcement with a proven degree of effectiveness for the year 2004. It will mainly use the intensive case study analysis method to reveal the practices’ strengths and weaknesses before some recommendations are included for possible improvements.
In sum, the present study aims to bridge linguistic analysis with cultural understanding and legal practices of the policterrogation, eventually heightening the effectiveness of investigative procedures of the police force in China and adding value to the area of forensic linguistics.
Limitation
This is a study of police interrogation in China in 2004, in which due consideration to linguistic nuances and cultural factors is given. Analytical case studies with authentic material are considered in the research, where transcripts and recordings help identify the linguistic indicators of deception and coercion. However, limitations involve constraints that could be imposed on potential access to confidential or restricted information, the differences in language expression between different regions, and the legal environment in which he operates (Alduais et al., 2023). In addition, the capacity for translating the linguistics in which the message is written into a culture-sensitive and ethical manner. Indeed, there are limitations to this study in providing insights into forensic linguistic aspects of police interrogations in China.
Literature review
The literature review will contextualize forensic linguistic analysis employed in police interrogation within the Chinese legal system. Of great importance, forensic linguistics, due to the interdisciplinary nature between linguistics and law, has brought about considerations in attempts to establish patterns of linguistic forms in an interrogation. The basis of the linguistic markers of deception and coercion, which forms a ground for supporting such analyses concerning cultural awareness on a global level, combines with the scholarly recognition of the Confucian traditions and the authoritarian legal system as part of the way communication is developed (Alduais et al., 2023). Cultural background contributes to significant differences in linguistic strategies applied by interrogators and suspects. This aligns with earlier studies that focused on linguistic differences typical of China since it had unique historical, legal, and cultural dimensions.
In addition, the literature highlights the dynamic nature of the Chinese legal system, thus making 2004 a crucial point in researching interrogation practices. An often-noted delicate balance with which forensic linguistic methodologies must be approached in various cultural contexts is their preciseness of understanding linguistic behaviour (Apriyanto et al., 2020). So, a preceding review for this is required, which stresses some deficiency of knowledge and the necessity of a case study approach to uncover the complicated relationships between language, culture, and the legal system in the Chinese context.
Forensic linguistics is, in fact, an interdisciplinary liaison between linguistics and law, which is very important in understanding police interrogation. Such a field aims to investigate language use in legal contexts to unveil any language use due to deception, coercion, or information concealment (Apriyanto et al., 2020). Forensic linguistics, therefore, assumes an added relevance in the China case study since it goes through the cultural and legal dimensions framing the communication during the 2004 police interrogations. Just by viewing the transcript and the recording, forensic linguistics is therefore enabled to bring to the surface some linguistic markers that are unique in that context of Chinese, thus offering not only greater depth in investigative practice but also greater depth on the universal scale in trying to understand how this three — language, culture, and the legal system—would work in that environment.
A complicated combination of linguistic characteristics, cultural dynamics, and regulatory factors affects police interrogation judgments in China’s criminal justice system. This intricate fabric is woven with expectations from society, authoritarian legal systems, Confucian values, and legal frameworks, which require communication strategies. Other factors that affect language usage across cultures include indirect comments and face control during interrogations. It is important to realize that various factors affect these qualities. Chinese language patterns are affected by interrogation and evidence laws, on top of the legal issues outlined above. Effective forensic linguistic analysis requires many mental processes (Apriyanto et al., 2020). Because cultural and legal factors intersect, investigation is needed. The 2004 Chinese case must be investigated to illuminate language usage complexity and establish appropriate investigative processes in this socio-legal setting. The research should be done.
Methodology.
This research uses an exact and full way to examine police questioning, focusing on forensic language. This is to investigate such inquiries. To complete this project, a 2004 Chinese case study is examined. This delicate contribution to knowledge must have relied on actual case studies. Though accomplished, this must have proved true. Since forensic linguistics analyzes data from investigations, there is no alternate source of language data that is more valuable for research. Linguistic analysis must examine speech patterns, language use, and linguistic indicators of lying, coercion, or concealment because these are indicators of these habits.
Due to their importance, ethical aspects, including privacy and confidentiality laws, are prioritized. This Chinese case study used police questioning with forensic linguistics, which followed strict ethical and reliability standards. This was done to ensure accurate and dependable findings. For this study, actual instances of Chinese language patterns and judicial processes from 2004 were carefully selected. This was done to assure data accuracy and reliability. According to Christensen and Mortensen (2019), these incidents were investigated using ethical legal procedures that safeguarded participants’ privacy. Police interrogation transcripts and recordings were used to analyze language intricacies. This was done for an investigation. The preliminary inquiry helped focus on forensic language analysis, transcribe standards, and unexpected ethical issues before the primary study. Follow the instructions in the preceding phrase to do this. The pilot study also made it easier to adapt research methods to China’s cultural and legal challenges. This had been rendered possible by the pilot research.
The participants involved in the research were all those involved in the police interrogations as were selected. It was done so that the identity and privacy of all law enforcement officials and suspects were not disclosed as an ethical principle. The research involved a systemic analysis of language use, discourse structures, and cultural intricacies. It employed a qualitative approach to yield meaningful findings on the forensic linguistic aspects of police interrogation in China.
The research project applies transcription conventions to ensure that the specific spoken language nuances are recorded. The applied detailed framework for linguistic analysis integrates qualitative methods unveiled to research the influence of communication from cultural and legal perspectives. First, this makes triangulation possible: contrasting findings across different cases to form firm conclusions. Methodology forms a systematic and ethical ground for studying the complexities of police interrogation in China, borrowing valued insights for forensic linguistics.
The selection of a relevant case study concerning police interrogation in China is central to forensic linguistics research. The chosen case best represents the linguistic dynamism, cultural influences, and legal subtleties that generated debates and deliberation in the Chinese legal milieu in 2004. It should be accessible to transcripts and recordings of police interrogations to provide a good store of linguistic material to study (Coulthard, 2020). The case study is selected to represent the broader context of linguistic patterns and legal practice diversity. This study will reveal those essential aspects that combine especially for the language, culture, and legal framework of Chinese police interrogations during the present period.
Data in this research is gathered through a solid process that ensures the natural tone of the nuances of police interrogation within the forensic linguistic aspect in the Chinese case study 2004. Authenticity is a further concern that ensures the foundation is on solid ground through the selection of the transcripts and recordings from real-life police interrogations, not on a staged or sample basis (Coulthard, 2020). It is an available choice in cases because it not only comprehends a wider variety of linguistic patterns and more diversified legal practices in China but also reflects readily available cases.
Data are collected and analyzed using a systematic forensic linguistic approach. The linguistic evidence of untruth, pressure, and information withholding is found in the transcripts and recordings. It examines the use of language, discourse structures, and cultural subtleties in the interviews. This study attempts to apply qualitative methods to capture the richness of linguistic data such that the patterns and themes helping an articulated understanding of the forensic linguistic landscape in Chinese police interrogations will be identified. Through such twin data collection and analysis processes, the current research attempts to unearth the subtleties of this relationship between language, culture, and the legal system. However, it focuses on some peculiarities of the Chinese police interrogations within the framework of the period indicated.
Ethical consideration
Ethical consideration for research in police interrogation under the forensic linguistic aspect is a significant issue for this case study for China. The study involves sensitive data in transcripts and recordings of authentic police interrogations whose exposure might bring out confidential information. People involved are considered confidential and private, so their identities are guarded and not outed. Informed consent is solicited, and precautions are observed to prevent any anticipated harm or distress to the participant (Filipovic, 2021). Cultural sensitivity is also very objective as the research investigates the linguistic nuances under the influence of Chinese cultural norms. The researchers need to walk such a road respectfully, carefully interpreting or representing that would support any form of stereotype or distortion of the cultural context. Research should have moral and transparent guidelines, resulting in integrity and trust related to the study’s findings within the vast dimension of forensic linguistic research.
Linguistic Analysis in Police Interrogation
In this moment of coming together of language and voice, the police interrogation flowers out into a criminal investigation, full of complicated details that would otherwise be left unresolved without forensic linguistic investigation (Davidson, 2022). In the China case of 2004, the dynamics of language use, the revealing of deceptive cues, and the identification of coercive strategies in questioning and concealing information in discourse are essential to have an overall view of the forensic linguistic aspect of police interrogations.
Forensic Linguistics: Language and Deception
Language remains a powerful tool in either party’s hands, including the interrogator and the suspect. Forensic linguistics thus serves as that lens that helps us dissect language use in trying to unravel deception. Chinese, however, may exhibit certain cultural and linguistic subtleties in its use of communication during interrogation (Davidson, 2022). This means that there will be politeness strategies, indirect communication, and face-saving mechanisms in practice, all of which will be influenced by Confucian traditions, and language use will be their integral part.
Linguistic analysis involves examining the choice of words, sentence structures, and the general discourse for signs of evasion or deliberate misinformation. Examples of deception may include hedges, vague language, or attempts to distance oneself from the event under scrutiny. These linguistic signs can only be understood by one who commands the Chinese language and is aware of the cultural mores that impinge on mannerisms in communication.
Coercive Strategies in Questioning:
Whereas police questioning, in most situations, is an effective process by which information is subtly extracted within legal and moral limits. The primary factors shaping the linguistic strategies of the interrogator in China are the legal framework, cultural expectations, and striving to find justice. Coercive strategies may manifest as leading questions, tactics of pressure, or persuading language meant to get reactions from the suspect. Linguistic analysis describes ways: the level of interrogation and ways it is carried, authoritative language, and the way to deliver consequences in case of refusal to cooperate (Davidson, 2022). However, this presupposes an incredibly sophisticated view not only of differences in power between the police and the suspect but also of their particular cultural framework within which the interrogation is taking place—even subtle linguistic signs of coercion.
Information Concealment in Discourse:
The information blockage during the interrogations may result from the self-preservative or other motivations of the suspects. Forensic linguistic analysis seeks to find a pattern in the language representing the result of the conscious intention to withhold or veil the information. This includes an analysis of the discourse’s syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
Information concealment can be due to language barriers, evasion, or strategic silence. For instance, cultural elements can be related to issues like face and protection of family honour. The linguistic analyst has to select from true non-knowledge or intentional concealment.
Case Study: Chinese Police Interrogations in 2004:
Using such linguistic analyses based on a well-chosen case study within the Chinese legal landscape for the year 2004 works towards the goal of a contextually conducted inquiry. The transcripts and recordings of actual interrogations in real-life situations are a treasure trove for the researcher, allowing delving much deeper into minute detail for the understanding of language use, deception, strategies of coercion, and information concealing (Kredens et al., 2020). What this does in the use of the case study approach is to offer a panoramic insight into how the linguistic dynamics played out within China’s unique cultural and legal context in the stated period. In the said approach, comparing several cases does help in the setting up of patterns of similarities and deviations, something that can further enrich the reliability of forensic linguistic findings.
In essence, the forensic linguistic analysis of police interrogation in the context of Chinese reveals a complex interplay of language use that oscillates between deception, coercive strategies, and information concealment. The paradigm allows law enforcement authorities to understand the communication dynamics needed for more nuanced as well as culturally sensitive interrogations. The framework allows this. Applying such notions to forensic linguistics cases advances investigative practice and understanding its relationship to society, language, and criminal justice. This case study shows that China’s cultural and legal background affects law enforcement officials’ forensic interrogation language. Confucian traditions, including indirect communication, courtesy, and face-saving, promote cultural elements that affect communication dynamics. These activities significantly affect communication. Kredens and colleagues found in 2020 that linguistic analysis requires a detailed understanding of cultural nuances. All of China’s policing is governed by a legal framework that limits police interrogation. This framework governs interrogation. The Chinese government created this structure. Law enforcement agencies utilize many methods to maintain societal order. This is done under authoritarian law. Critical judicial processes, evidence requirements, and interrogation strategies affect the language used by the interrogator and suspect. It is sensitive to this that forensic linguistics plays this role, or by acting in harmony in exploring the cultural and the legal dimensions, unravelling the complexities therein as regards language in police interrogations in China.
Legal framework
The legal framework governing police interrogation in China is highly informative on the dynamics of forensic linguistics. An authoritarian legal system emphasizes keeping social order and puts distinct regulations on the interrogation technique. The legal landscape outlines permissible methods of questioning, admissibility of evidence, and rights of suspects, which in turn add up to the nature of language within investigation processes.
Chinese law provides procedures for interrogating the proper roles of law enforcement and suspects. Legal settings are environments the law gives, thus influencing linguistic strategies in the questioning process to fit these environments. A deviation from that is not admissible in forensic linguistic analysis, as the consequences for the reliability of linguistic evidence are rather substantial (Nguyen, 2021). That is, identifying the relevant legal framework that governs the nature of police interrogation in general, and in the Chinese case, is required to appreciate the phenomenon entirely.
Case selection and description
Consequently, relevant case selection remains central in bringing out language use intricacies within a given culture and legal context. The case chosen for this study is financial fraud allegations in Shanghai in 2004. The extent of economic crime during this period was by no means unique, and it encapsulates well the cultural and legal dynamics of police interrogation.
A high corporate official was under investigation for embezzlement and financial mismanagement. The transcripts and the recordings of the interrogation constitute an excellent dataset for analyzing the language and the way it is used by both the suspect and the law enforcement officers. Cultural nuances in communications emanating from Confucian values and the social stigma attached to financial impropriety are critical in constituting linguistic behaviours. Furthermore, the legal framework in China at the time regarding crimes of a financial nature governs the linguistic strategies used by interrogators.
The present study focuses on this single case. It seeks to reveal the linguistic indicators for telling lies, coercive strategies, and the selection of information not to be provided, thereby enabling an embedded understanding of the forensic linguistic features under the setting of police interrogation in China.
Linguistic analysis
In a linguistic analysis of the interrogation transcripts in the selected case of financial fraud allegations in Shanghai, 2004, there is a complex interplay in the use of language within the forensic linguistic aspect. Conversely, the transcripts will allow reflection on the linguistic dynamics with a Chinese context as a matrix shaped by cultural and legal aspects.
When linguistically analyzing a suspect, the deception indicators might have been hedging, vague expressions, or distancing oneself from the alleged financial improprieties. Moreover, Confucian cultural values modulate the influence of Confucianism on the communication strategy in that Confucianism affects the linguistic choices of a suspect, especially on matters of face and reputation (Ralarala et al., 2022). On the other hand, the language used by the interrogators is a reflection of the legal framework and societal expectations. In the event of coercive strategies being adopted, they can be evidenced in the strategies of the questions, which shows how legal procedures can influence linguistic dynamics.
A good example can be seen in typical cases of financial fraud; information concealment may be traceable through the linguistic patterns of evasion or strategic silence. It is, hence, pertinent to understand these linguistic cues within a specific cultural context and a legal context of China to develop a proper forensic linguistic analysis that would aid in a nuanced comprehension of the language during police interrogation in cases of financial fraud allegations.
Cultural and legal dynamics
In this case, cultural and legal dynamics go a long way to shade the forensic linguistic landscape on police interrogation, given financial fraud allegations in Shanghai in 2004. Culturally, the conversational interactions between the suspect and the interrogators are controlled by Confucian value systems, where politeness and indirectness mark communication patterns, diplomatic strategies, and face-saving efforts. These cultural shadings will bring up language usage issues, particularly with topics such as money matters, reputation, and the concerns of society.
Legally, the case depicts a very authoritarian legal regime in China in 2004 that specified the boundaries for police interrogation (Ralarala et al., 2022). Legally, the regime gave a detailed explanation of the process of questioning, the admissibility of evidence, and the suspect’s rights. Such legal constraints define how interrogators use language to persuade and the general dynamics of the interrogation. Cultural or legal factors may be considered while using harsh interrogation. When cultural and legal intricacies of China are considered, linguistic analysis can illuminate the complexity of dishonesty, information concealment, and language usage. Incredible opportunity. This book covers forensic linguistics, from law enforcement interrogation to case resolution.
Thorough evaluation and conclusions
A study into the linguistic forensics techniques used during the 2004 Shanghai police interrogation for financial fraud revealed important insights into language usage, concealment, and deception. The investigation occurred while police investigated financial wrongdoing.
Linguists identified more complex dishonesty in the suspect’s speech. Imprecise wording and verb tenses, especially in financial transactions, were markers. Confucian linguistic patterns reflect this value. Face-saving techniques are valued in society. To safeguard one’s reputation, these methods involved avoiding direct admissions of guilt. This protected one’s reputation. According to Thielgen et al. (2022), authoritarian Chinese interrogators used strategic questions and verbal aggression. Some researchers found this. They were considered forceful and were used to elicit specific replies from interviewees and direct the story.
The legal environment’s reliance on procedural rules strengthened China’s hierarchical power dynamics. Interrogators utilized terminology influenced by the legal setting.
The suspect also used strategic evasion and quiet, as shown by information concealment-related verbal patterns. Important topic. Cultural influences influenced the suspect’s interrogation approach, especially in regard to the suspect’s want to maintain his or her track record or avoid losing face. These findings are explained as the interplay of cultural and legal dynamics and bring to light that linguistic behaviours are more complex than motivations and other cultural influences. The manifestations of the Confucian values that influence the strategies of communication within the legal context that have an authoritarian outlook are pointers to the complexity of language used in Chinese police interrogations.
The findings pronounced the need to adapt forensic linguistic methodologies to particular cultural and legal contexts. Law enforcement approaches should appreciate cultural variations, which influence the choice of linguistic indicators by suspects in deception and information concealment, by realizing that their presentation is likely to vary across various cultural spaces. Indeed, this case study highlights the necessity of having such a culturally nuanced perspective to understand linguistic dynamics.
Coercive language strategies
In this line of thought, the forensic linguistic analysis of the police interrogation case involving financial fraud allegations in Shanghai, 2004, reveals the application of coercive language strategies employed by the interrogators. In the oppressive legal environment of China, however, the interrogators might have resorted to linguistic assertions, along with strategic questions, to nudge the suspect’s replies. Coercive elements are traceable in this strategic questioning method; possibly, it comes with leading questions that subtly lead the narrative and give an impression of specific responses. Most strategic was the use of authoritative language on the part of those who acted as interrogators, who then created an atmosphere whereby lawful expectations of compliance and confession of guilt were simply the natural outlets. That is, this kind of coercive linguistic behaviour is rooted in the power relations obtained in the legal context and points to a lie to elicit information while still holding the reins of power over the interrogation procedures.
Cultural and dynamics
In a linguistic analysis of the police interrogation case between financial fraud allegations in Shanghai in 2004, the interplay of cultural and legal dynamics yields a linguistic landscape. Confucianism’s focus on delicateness, indirectness, and face-saving affects communication culturally. The suspect’s cultural background affects his linguistic preferences, which affects illicit financial action speech. The interrogators discussed norms and procedures at that time. Negotiations were placed under China’s authoritarian legal regime. Zeng and colleagues found in 2020 that legislation defines interrogation boundaries. These boundaries reveal law enforcement’s language strategies. The interrogators’ language sets the tempo and direction of the questioning, which shapes the Chinese court system’s power structure. This prompted the questioning.
These cultural and legal dynamics make the case of language use during the interrogation complicated. The linguistic behaviours of the suspect are influenced by such cultural notions as keeping face and reputation. So, their use of the strategies of coercive language is regulated by the legal framework, and the way they use a question is regulated by that, too. Such a confluence of cultural and legal dynamics underlying the need for a balanced understanding of forensic linguistic aspects in the context of Chinese police interrogations stresses that the interplay of language, culture, and the legal system is as intricate.
Implications and Recommendations
The forensic linguistic analysis of the police case about financial fraud allegations between 2003 and 2004 in Shanghai will have far-reaching consequences on investigational practices in general and, in China, for forensic linguistics.
Implications:
- Cultural Sensitivity in Investigations: To use effective language during police interviews, this aspect is firmly grounded in the cultural understanding of investigators within the Chinese setting. Investigators should be trained to identify and negotiate communication strategies under the influence of Confucianism and thus be culturally sensitive in their approach.
- Adaptation of Coercive Tactics: Understanding the legal and cultural dynamics allows better use of coercive language strategies. Authorities can adapt the techniques to work within the legal bounds while being effective in seeking information.
- Enhanced Forelang: The results highlight the requirement of enhancing the methodologies of forensic linguistics to best fit particular cultural and legal contexts—through the training of linguists and law enforcement personnel in cultural awareness.
- Cross-Cultural Training: The law enforcers should be availed of appropriate cross-cultural training that may boost the understanding of the linguistic conduct mediated through cultural norms. This can help in effecting proper communication processes and interrogations.
- Legal Reformation: Reforming law to adapt to changing cultural dynamics will be prudent.
- Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Encourage linguists to work with legal experts and law enforcement to develop holistic approaches that apply linguistic analysis in investigations.
Finally, implications and recommendations from the case point to the need for investigative practices resonating with cultural and legal dynamics. Executing these propositions will make these police interrogations more reliable and culturally sensitive, and forensic linguistics in the Chinese context will be able to advance.
Conclusion
In the end, linguistic analysis in the forensic application of the police interrogation on the financial fraud case in Shanghai in 2004 leads one to a deep understanding of the entangled relationship between the language, culture, and legal system. This is a microcosm of how cultural and legal dynamics bring about linguistic behaviours in interrogations and helps promote the practice of forensic linguistics in China. The main background in the form of the cultural values of Confucianism has a significant influence on the significance of tactics of saving face as well as indirect communicational ways.
Such cultural nuances, in fact, influence the dynamics of revelation and concealment of the suspect’s language choice, and it will remain the same during the whole interrogation. As a result, the framework of authoritarian law guides the linguistic assertiveness of an interrogator and defines the limits of those strategies of using the language of coercion. The case is filled with the need for cultural sensitivity in investigative practices, which impels cross-cultural training for law enforcement to engage in the intricacies of the linguistic medium with effectiveness. The recommendations by the expert panel were essentially legal reforms; they required departments and agencies to have the tools to strengthen police interrogation in line with changing cultural dynamics.
This case study, therefore, shows linguistic details of Chinese police interrogation. It underscores the broader implications for forensic linguistics to evolve in such a culturally and legally complex landscape. Knowledge and adjustment to these dynamics by the police would foster better communication and cultural sensitivity and advance the methodologies used in conducting forensic linguistic analyses within the Chinese legal system.
References
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Apriyanto, S., Dalman, & Santoso, D. (n.d.). The Urgency of Forensic Linguistics in a Police Interrogation Process. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2024, from https://eprints.uad.ac.id/35811/2/11.%20The%20Urgency%20Of%20Forensic%20Linguistics%20In%20A%20Police%20Interrogation%20Process.pdf
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Davidson, I. D. (2022). Sociolinguistic Differences in Deceptive Speech: Analyzing Speech Patterns Between Different Groups in Police Interrogations (Doctoral dissertation, Case Western Reserve University).
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Appendix
Questionnaire cover letter
QUESTIONARE ON: POLICE INTERROGATION WITHIN FORENSIC LINGUISTIC ASPECT A CASE STUDY IN CHINA
Dear respondent,
I am a bachelor’s student. I am surveying police interrogation within forensic linguistics in China as part of fulfilling the requirement for achieving my degree there. I would be grateful if you could fill out this questionnaire. Most of the questionnaires have multiple choices and are easy to answer. Please reply as soon as possible. Every response is really important.
I really appreciate any help you can provide.
Respondent’s profile
- What is your gender?
[ ] Male [ ] Female
- In which of the following age brackets do you belong?
[ ] Below 20 years [ ] 21-30 years [ ] 31-40 years
[ ] 41-50 years [ ] above 50 years
- What is your education level (state the highest level?)
[ ] degree [ ] Certificate [ ] Diploma
[ ] tertiary [ ] secondary [ ] others
Tick where necessary
How familiar are you with the legal system in China?
Excellent [ ]
Good [ ]
Very satisfactory [ ]
Less satisfactory [ ]
Have you ever been involved in legal proceedings as a suspect or witness?
Yes ( )
No ( )
To what extent do you believe cultural factors influence communication during police interrogations in China?
Excellent [ ]
Good [ ]
Very satisfactory [ ]
Less satisfactory [ ]
How would you describe the linguistic strategies employed by interrogators?
Excellent [ ]
Good [ ]
Very satisfactory [ ]
Less satisfactory [ ]
Do you think interrogators use coercive language during police interrogations?
Yes ( )
No ( )
write